| Summary: | Pleural infections can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic
antibiotics and drainage are the standard treatment, but some patients require surgical
intervention for complete resolution. For unsuitable surgical candidates, the intra-pleural
administration of tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease (tPA/DNase) is a
potential treatment option for loculated effusions. We present a case of loculated empyema
successfully treated with a 3-day course of once daily intra-pleural administration of tPA/
DNase. Considering the frailty of our patient, we choose the once daily tPA/DNase due to
concerns about potential complications, such as increased risk of bleeding. The published trial
evidence and administration regimens of intra-pleural tPA/DNase are also discussed.
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