Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst
The environmental impact from the use of fossil fuel cum depletion of the known fossil oil reserves has led to increasing interest in liquid biofuels made from renewable biomass. This study presents the first experimental report on the catalytic pyrolysis of Napier grass, an underutilized biomass so...
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MDPI AG
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/4/246 |
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doaj-8eabd3c891b04342973c7d02cd05d80f2020-11-24T22:54:14ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732016-03-019424610.3390/en9040246en9040246Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the CatalystIsah Yakub Mohammed0Feroz Kabir Kazi1Suzana Yusup2Peter Adeniyi Alaba3Yahaya Muhammad Sani4Yousif Abdalla Abakr5Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaDepartment of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UKDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknology Petronas (UTP) Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 31750, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Material Engineering, the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaThe environmental impact from the use of fossil fuel cum depletion of the known fossil oil reserves has led to increasing interest in liquid biofuels made from renewable biomass. This study presents the first experimental report on the catalytic pyrolysis of Napier grass, an underutilized biomass source, using ZSM-5, 0.3HZSM-5 and zinc exchanged zeolite-A catalyst. Pyrolysis was conducted in fixed bed reactor at 600 °C, 30 °C/min and 7 L/min nitrogen flow rate. The effect of catalyst-biomass ratio was evaluated with respect to pyrolysis oil yield and composition. Increasing the catalyst loading from 0.5 to 1.0 wt % showed no significant decrease in the bio-oil yield, particularly, the organic phase and thereafter decreased at catalyst loadings of 2.0 and 3.0 wt %. Standard analytical methods were used to establish the composition of the pyrolysis oil, which was made up of various aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics and other valuable chemicals and varied greatly with the surface acidity and pore characteristics of the individual catalysts. This study has demonstrated that pyrolysis oil with high fuel quality and value added chemicals can be produced from pyrolysis of Napier grass over acidic zeolite based catalysts.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/4/246Napier grassintermediate pyrolysiscatalytic deoxygenationzeolitebio-oil characterization |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Isah Yakub Mohammed Feroz Kabir Kazi Suzana Yusup Peter Adeniyi Alaba Yahaya Muhammad Sani Yousif Abdalla Abakr |
| spellingShingle |
Isah Yakub Mohammed Feroz Kabir Kazi Suzana Yusup Peter Adeniyi Alaba Yahaya Muhammad Sani Yousif Abdalla Abakr Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst Energies Napier grass intermediate pyrolysis catalytic deoxygenation zeolite bio-oil characterization |
| author_facet |
Isah Yakub Mohammed Feroz Kabir Kazi Suzana Yusup Peter Adeniyi Alaba Yahaya Muhammad Sani Yousif Abdalla Abakr |
| author_sort |
Isah Yakub Mohammed |
| title |
Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst |
| title_short |
Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst |
| title_full |
Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst |
| title_fullStr |
Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst |
| title_sort |
catalytic intermediate pyrolysis of napier grass in a fixed bed reactor with zsm-5, hzsm-5 and zinc-exchanged zeolite-a as the catalyst |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Energies |
| issn |
1996-1073 |
| publishDate |
2016-03-01 |
| description |
The environmental impact from the use of fossil fuel cum depletion of the known fossil oil reserves has led to increasing interest in liquid biofuels made from renewable biomass. This study presents the first experimental report on the catalytic pyrolysis of Napier grass, an underutilized biomass source, using ZSM-5, 0.3HZSM-5 and zinc exchanged zeolite-A catalyst. Pyrolysis was conducted in fixed bed reactor at 600 °C, 30 °C/min and 7 L/min nitrogen flow rate. The effect of catalyst-biomass ratio was evaluated with respect to pyrolysis oil yield and composition. Increasing the catalyst loading from 0.5 to 1.0 wt % showed no significant decrease in the bio-oil yield, particularly, the organic phase and thereafter decreased at catalyst loadings of 2.0 and 3.0 wt %. Standard analytical methods were used to establish the composition of the pyrolysis oil, which was made up of various aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics and other valuable chemicals and varied greatly with the surface acidity and pore characteristics of the individual catalysts. This study has demonstrated that pyrolysis oil with high fuel quality and value added chemicals can be produced from pyrolysis of Napier grass over acidic zeolite based catalysts. |
| topic |
Napier grass intermediate pyrolysis catalytic deoxygenation zeolite bio-oil characterization |
| url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/4/246 |
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