Removal and transformation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants and constructed wetlands
Since trace organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals in surface water have been a relevant threat to drinking water supplies, in this study removal of pharmaceuticals and transformation of pharmaceuticals into metabolites were investigated in the main source of micropollutants such as WWTPs and eng...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2013-08-01
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| Series: | Drinking Water Engineering and Science |
| Online Access: | http://www.drink-water-eng-sci.net/6/89/2013/dwes-6-89-2013.pdf |
| Summary: | Since trace organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals in surface water have
been a relevant threat to drinking water supplies, in this study removal of
pharmaceuticals and transformation of pharmaceuticals into metabolites were
investigated in the main source of micropollutants such as WWTPs and
engineered constructed wetlands. Pharmaceuticals were effectively removed by
different WWTP processes and wetlands. Pharmaceutical metabolites with
relatively low log <i>D</i> value were resulted in the low removal efficiencies
compared to parent compounds with relatively high log <i>D</i> value, indicating the
stability of metabolites. And the constructed wetlands fed with wastewater
effluent were encouraged to prevent direct release of micropollutants into
surface waters. Among various pharmaceuticals, different transformation
pattern of ibuprofen was observed with significant formation of
1-hydroxy-ibuprofen during biological treatment in WWTP, indicating
preferential biotransformation of ibuprofen. Lastly, transformation of
pharmaceuticals depending on their structural position was investigated in
terms of electron density, and, the electron rich C<sub>1</sub> = C<sub>2</sub> bond of
carbamazepine was revealed as an initial transformation position. |
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| ISSN: | 1996-9457 1996-9465 |