Genome-wide estimation of gender differences in the gene expression of human livers: Statistical design and analysis

• Main Authors: Dial Stacey, Velasco Cruz, Delongchamp Robert R, Harris Angela J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2005-07-01
• Series: BMC Bioinformatics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gender differences in gene expression were estimated in liver samples from 9 males and 9 females. The study tested 31,110 genes for a gender difference using a design that adjusted for sources of variation associated with cDNA arrays, normalization, hybridizations and processing conditions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The genes were split into 2,800 that were clearly expressed (expressed genes) and 28,310 that had expression levels in the background range (not expressed genes). The distribution of p-values from the 'not expressed' group was consistent with no gender differences. The distribution of p-values from the 'expressed' group suggested that 8 % of these genes differed by gender, but the estimated fold-changes (expression in males / expression in females) were small. The largest observed fold-change was 1.55. The 95 % confidence bounds on the estimated fold-changes were less than 1.4 fold for 79.3 %, and few (1.1%) exceed 2-fold.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Observed gender differences in gene expression were small. When selecting genes with gender differences based upon their p-values, false discovery rates exceed 80 % for any set of genes, essentially making it impossible to identify any specific genes with a gender difference.</p>