In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation
Smallholder farmers play a major role in crop production towards household food security, particularly in resource-poor communities. Maize is a common crop produced in smallholder farming and it is cultivated from seeds that has been stored and re-used for years. Spoilage of stored grains is a major...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
Series: | Plants |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1668 |
id |
doaj-8cbfcbc5bf474bd7887aca0bf490d0d4 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-8cbfcbc5bf474bd7887aca0bf490d0d42020-11-28T00:08:12ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-11-0191668166810.3390/plants9121668In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity EvaluationHlabana A. Seepe0Kafua E. Lodama1René Sutherland2Winston Nxumalo3Stephen O. Amoo4Agricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaAgricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaAgricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South AfricaAgricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaSmallholder farmers play a major role in crop production towards household food security, particularly in resource-poor communities. Maize is a common crop produced in smallholder farming and it is cultivated from seeds that has been stored and re-used for years. Spoilage of stored grains is a major challenge, which leads to yield loss and poor seed quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens on maize seeds, and to evaluate their phytotoxicity on seed germination and seedling growth. Fresh leaves collected from eight medicinal plants were dried and selectively extracted with water, ethyl acetate or acetone. The dried extracts were evaluated for antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens (<i>F. proliferatum</i>,<i> F. oxysporum</i>,<i> F. subglutinans</i>,<i> F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. semitectum</i>,<i> F. chlamydosporum</i>,<i> F. solani</i>,<i> F. equisite </i>and<i> F. graminearum</i>) inoculated on maize seeds. <i>Melia azedarach</i> acetone extract showed strong antifungal activity (97% inhibition) against <i>F. proliferatum</i> while combined acetone extracts from <i>Combretum erythrophyllum</i> and <i>Quercus acutissima</i> exhibited 96%, 67% and 56% inhibition against <i>F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. proliferatum</i> and <i>F. solani</i>, respectively. With the exception of <i>Quercus acutissima</i> ethyl acetate, none of the extracts significantly inhibited seed germination when compared to untreated seeds. This study showed that plant extracts could control <i>Fusarium</i> diseases without any adverse effects on maize seed germination or plant growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1668<i>Fusarium </i>speciesmaize seedsmedicinal plant extractsseed germinationsmallholder farmers |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hlabana A. Seepe Kafua E. Lodama René Sutherland Winston Nxumalo Stephen O. Amoo |
spellingShingle |
Hlabana A. Seepe Kafua E. Lodama René Sutherland Winston Nxumalo Stephen O. Amoo In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation Plants <i>Fusarium </i>species maize seeds medicinal plant extracts seed germination smallholder farmers |
author_facet |
Hlabana A. Seepe Kafua E. Lodama René Sutherland Winston Nxumalo Stephen O. Amoo |
author_sort |
Hlabana A. Seepe |
title |
In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation |
title_short |
In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation |
title_full |
In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation |
title_fullStr |
In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation |
title_full_unstemmed |
In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation |
title_sort |
in vivo antifungal activity of south african medicinal plant extracts against <i>fusarium</i> pathogens and their phytotoxicity evaluation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Plants |
issn |
2223-7747 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Smallholder farmers play a major role in crop production towards household food security, particularly in resource-poor communities. Maize is a common crop produced in smallholder farming and it is cultivated from seeds that has been stored and re-used for years. Spoilage of stored grains is a major challenge, which leads to yield loss and poor seed quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens on maize seeds, and to evaluate their phytotoxicity on seed germination and seedling growth. Fresh leaves collected from eight medicinal plants were dried and selectively extracted with water, ethyl acetate or acetone. The dried extracts were evaluated for antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens (<i>F. proliferatum</i>,<i> F. oxysporum</i>,<i> F. subglutinans</i>,<i> F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. semitectum</i>,<i> F. chlamydosporum</i>,<i> F. solani</i>,<i> F. equisite </i>and<i> F. graminearum</i>) inoculated on maize seeds. <i>Melia azedarach</i> acetone extract showed strong antifungal activity (97% inhibition) against <i>F. proliferatum</i> while combined acetone extracts from <i>Combretum erythrophyllum</i> and <i>Quercus acutissima</i> exhibited 96%, 67% and 56% inhibition against <i>F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. proliferatum</i> and <i>F. solani</i>, respectively. With the exception of <i>Quercus acutissima</i> ethyl acetate, none of the extracts significantly inhibited seed germination when compared to untreated seeds. This study showed that plant extracts could control <i>Fusarium</i> diseases without any adverse effects on maize seed germination or plant growth. |
topic |
<i>Fusarium </i>species maize seeds medicinal plant extracts seed germination smallholder farmers |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1668 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hlabanaaseepe invivoantifungalactivityofsouthafricanmedicinalplantextractsagainstifusariumipathogensandtheirphytotoxicityevaluation AT kafuaelodama invivoantifungalactivityofsouthafricanmedicinalplantextractsagainstifusariumipathogensandtheirphytotoxicityevaluation AT renesutherland invivoantifungalactivityofsouthafricanmedicinalplantextractsagainstifusariumipathogensandtheirphytotoxicityevaluation AT winstonnxumalo invivoantifungalactivityofsouthafricanmedicinalplantextractsagainstifusariumipathogensandtheirphytotoxicityevaluation AT stephenoamoo invivoantifungalactivityofsouthafricanmedicinalplantextractsagainstifusariumipathogensandtheirphytotoxicityevaluation |
_version_ |
1724413053835935744 |