In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation

Smallholder farmers play a major role in crop production towards household food security, particularly in resource-poor communities. Maize is a common crop produced in smallholder farming and it is cultivated from seeds that has been stored and re-used for years. Spoilage of stored grains is a major...

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Main Authors: Hlabana A. Seepe, Kafua E. Lodama, René Sutherland, Winston Nxumalo, Stephen O. Amoo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-11-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1668
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spelling doaj-8cbfcbc5bf474bd7887aca0bf490d0d42020-11-28T00:08:12ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-11-0191668166810.3390/plants9121668In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity EvaluationHlabana A. Seepe0Kafua E. Lodama1René Sutherland2Winston Nxumalo3Stephen O. Amoo4Agricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaAgricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaAgricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South AfricaAgricultural Research Council—Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants Research, Roodeplaat, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaSmallholder farmers play a major role in crop production towards household food security, particularly in resource-poor communities. Maize is a common crop produced in smallholder farming and it is cultivated from seeds that has been stored and re-used for years. Spoilage of stored grains is a major challenge, which leads to yield loss and poor seed quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens on maize seeds, and to evaluate their phytotoxicity on seed germination and seedling growth. Fresh leaves collected from eight medicinal plants were dried and selectively extracted with water, ethyl acetate or acetone. The dried extracts were evaluated for antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens (<i>F. proliferatum</i>,<i> F. oxysporum</i>,<i> F. subglutinans</i>,<i> F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. semitectum</i>,<i> F. chlamydosporum</i>,<i> F. solani</i>,<i> F. equisite </i>and<i> F. graminearum</i>) inoculated on maize seeds. <i>Melia azedarach</i> acetone extract showed strong antifungal activity (97% inhibition) against <i>F. proliferatum</i> while combined acetone extracts from <i>Combretum erythrophyllum</i> and <i>Quercus acutissima</i> exhibited 96%, 67% and 56% inhibition against <i>F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. proliferatum</i> and <i>F. solani</i>, respectively. With the exception of <i>Quercus acutissima</i> ethyl acetate, none of the extracts significantly inhibited seed germination when compared to untreated seeds. This study showed that plant extracts could control <i>Fusarium</i> diseases without any adverse effects on maize seed germination or plant growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1668<i>Fusarium </i>speciesmaize seedsmedicinal plant extractsseed germinationsmallholder farmers
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Hlabana A. Seepe
Kafua E. Lodama
René Sutherland
Winston Nxumalo
Stephen O. Amoo
spellingShingle Hlabana A. Seepe
Kafua E. Lodama
René Sutherland
Winston Nxumalo
Stephen O. Amoo
In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation
Plants
<i>Fusarium </i>species
maize seeds
medicinal plant extracts
seed germination
smallholder farmers
author_facet Hlabana A. Seepe
Kafua E. Lodama
René Sutherland
Winston Nxumalo
Stephen O. Amoo
author_sort Hlabana A. Seepe
title In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation
title_short In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation
title_full In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation
title_fullStr In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed In Vivo Antifungal Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens and Their Phytotoxicity Evaluation
title_sort in vivo antifungal activity of south african medicinal plant extracts against <i>fusarium</i> pathogens and their phytotoxicity evaluation
publisher MDPI AG
series Plants
issn 2223-7747
publishDate 2020-11-01
description Smallholder farmers play a major role in crop production towards household food security, particularly in resource-poor communities. Maize is a common crop produced in smallholder farming and it is cultivated from seeds that has been stored and re-used for years. Spoilage of stored grains is a major challenge, which leads to yield loss and poor seed quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens on maize seeds, and to evaluate their phytotoxicity on seed germination and seedling growth. Fresh leaves collected from eight medicinal plants were dried and selectively extracted with water, ethyl acetate or acetone. The dried extracts were evaluated for antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens (<i>F. proliferatum</i>,<i> F. oxysporum</i>,<i> F. subglutinans</i>,<i> F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. semitectum</i>,<i> F. chlamydosporum</i>,<i> F. solani</i>,<i> F. equisite </i>and<i> F. graminearum</i>) inoculated on maize seeds. <i>Melia azedarach</i> acetone extract showed strong antifungal activity (97% inhibition) against <i>F. proliferatum</i> while combined acetone extracts from <i>Combretum erythrophyllum</i> and <i>Quercus acutissima</i> exhibited 96%, 67% and 56% inhibition against <i>F. verticilloides</i>,<i> F. proliferatum</i> and <i>F. solani</i>, respectively. With the exception of <i>Quercus acutissima</i> ethyl acetate, none of the extracts significantly inhibited seed germination when compared to untreated seeds. This study showed that plant extracts could control <i>Fusarium</i> diseases without any adverse effects on maize seed germination or plant growth.
topic <i>Fusarium </i>species
maize seeds
medicinal plant extracts
seed germination
smallholder farmers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1668
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