A Family of Correlated Observations: From Independent to Strongly Interrelated Ones

This paper proposes a new classification of correlated data types based upon the relative number of direct connections among observations, producing a family of correlated observations embracing seven categories, one whose empirical counterpart currently is unknown, and ranging from independent (i.e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Daniel A. Griffith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-06-01
Series:Stats
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-905X/3/3/14
Description
Summary:This paper proposes a new classification of correlated data types based upon the relative number of direct connections among observations, producing a family of correlated observations embracing seven categories, one whose empirical counterpart currently is unknown, and ranging from independent (i.e., no links) to approaching near-complete linkage (i.e., n(n – 1)/2 links). Analysis of specimen datasets from publicly available data sources furnishes empirical illustrations for these various categories. Their descriptions also include their historical context and calculation of their effective sample sizes (i.e., an equivalent number of independent observations). Concluding comments contain some state-of-the-art future research topics.
ISSN:2571-905X