Conservación del ombusillo, planta amenazada de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

• Main Authors: Marcelo Paulo Hernández, Daniel José Gallo, Damián Andrés Fernández
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2009-10-01
• Series: Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología
• Subjects: Phytolacca tetramera; endémica; maropropagación; germinación; endemic; macropropagation; germination
• Online Access: http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/biotecnologia/article/view/10340

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Conserving ombusillo, an endangered plant from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina</span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold;">Resumen: </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Phytolacca tetramera </span></em></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Hauman “ombusilloâ€, es una especie vegetal endémica del SE de la</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que se halla en peligro crítico de extinción. Su principal factor de amenaza es la reducción del hábitat por acción antrópica. Esta especie presenta principios activos fungicidas y, posiblemente, dada su afinidad con otras especies del mismo género, presente compuestos antivirales, antitumorales, bactericidas e insecticidas. Se realizaron ensayos de macropropagación con distintas concentraciones de reguladores de crecimiento de tipo auxínicos que muestran claramente un enraizamiento óptimo correspondiente a segmentos de ejes aéreos vegetales “estacas†sometidas a 300 ppm de ácido indol butírico y a segmentos de tallos subterráneos sin aplicación de hormonas. Así mismo, se realizaron ensayos de germinación, en condiciones de luz y de oscuridad, comprobándose que las semillas presentan fotoblastismo positivo con un porcentaje de germinación del 65%, el cual disminuye enormemente luego del año de cosecha.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">Palabras clave: </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;">Phytolacca tetramera; </span></em></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">endémica; maropropagación; germinación.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Abstract: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Phytolacca tetramera Hauman </span></em></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">“ombusillo†is an endemic plant species which is in critical danger of becoming extinct; it comes from the south-east of the province of Buenos Aires. The main factor threatening this species is the reduction of its natural environment by antropic action.This species has antifungal properties and, due to its relationship with other species from the same genus, it could also have antiviral, antitumour, antibacterial and insecticidal compounds. Macropropagation experiments were carried out using different concentrations of auxinic growth regulators. Segements of aerial axis “stakes†treated </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">with 300 ppm of indol-butiric acid and segments of underground stems without hormonal treatment provided optimum rooting. Germination experiments in dark and light conditions were also carried out, finding that seeds showed positive photoblastisme with a 65% germination rate which declined considerably after the crop had been harvested.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Key words: </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Phytolacca tetramera; </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">endemic; macropropagation; germination.</span></p>