The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic disease with a complex etiology that includes bacterial colonization, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress. The hormone melatonin has antioxidant properties and might contribute to alleviating chronic conditions by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of...

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Main Authors: Barbora Konečná, Paulína Chobodová, Jakub Janko, Lenka Baňasová, Janka Bábíčková, Peter Celec, Ľubomíra Tóthová
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2390
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spelling doaj-89c2b001913a4914bceed1a56039ab4c2021-02-28T00:03:59ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01222390239010.3390/ijms22052390The Effect of Melatonin on PeriodontitisBarbora Konečná0Paulína Chobodová1Jakub Janko2Lenka Baňasová3Janka Bábíčková4Peter Celec5Ľubomíra Tóthová6Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Comenius University, 812 50 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, SlovakiaBackground: Periodontitis is a chronic disease with a complex etiology that includes bacterial colonization, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress. The hormone melatonin has antioxidant properties and might contribute to alleviating chronic conditions by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of exogenous melatonin on periodontitis in an animal model of the disease as well as in patients with periodontitis. Methods: In rats with ligature-induced periodontitis, melatonin was administered in drinking water for two weeks. In the human study, patients with treatment-resistant periodontitis were asked to rinse their mouths with a solution containing melatonin or placebo every evening for two weeks. Periodontal status as well as salivary markers of oxidative stress were assessed at the end of the study. Results: Neither radiography nor μCT revealed any significant effects of melatonin on alveolar bone loss. Gum recession was the only improved macroscopic measure in rats (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Analysis of salivary markers of oxidative stress revealed no effects of treatment in rats or humans despite clearly elevated melatonin concentrations in melatonin treated groups. Conclusion: Our results do not support the use of melatonin for the treatment of periodontitis. However, the negative outcome is limited by the short duration of the study and the chosen route of application as well as the dose of melatonin.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2390periodontal diseaseantioxidant treatmentmicro-computed tomography
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Barbora Konečná
Paulína Chobodová
Jakub Janko
Lenka Baňasová
Janka Bábíčková
Peter Celec
Ľubomíra Tóthová
spellingShingle Barbora Konečná
Paulína Chobodová
Jakub Janko
Lenka Baňasová
Janka Bábíčková
Peter Celec
Ľubomíra Tóthová
The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
periodontal disease
antioxidant treatment
micro-computed tomography
author_facet Barbora Konečná
Paulína Chobodová
Jakub Janko
Lenka Baňasová
Janka Bábíčková
Peter Celec
Ľubomíra Tóthová
author_sort Barbora Konečná
title The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis
title_short The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis
title_full The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis
title_fullStr The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis
title_sort effect of melatonin on periodontitis
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1661-6596
1422-0067
publishDate 2021-02-01
description Background: Periodontitis is a chronic disease with a complex etiology that includes bacterial colonization, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress. The hormone melatonin has antioxidant properties and might contribute to alleviating chronic conditions by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of exogenous melatonin on periodontitis in an animal model of the disease as well as in patients with periodontitis. Methods: In rats with ligature-induced periodontitis, melatonin was administered in drinking water for two weeks. In the human study, patients with treatment-resistant periodontitis were asked to rinse their mouths with a solution containing melatonin or placebo every evening for two weeks. Periodontal status as well as salivary markers of oxidative stress were assessed at the end of the study. Results: Neither radiography nor μCT revealed any significant effects of melatonin on alveolar bone loss. Gum recession was the only improved macroscopic measure in rats (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Analysis of salivary markers of oxidative stress revealed no effects of treatment in rats or humans despite clearly elevated melatonin concentrations in melatonin treated groups. Conclusion: Our results do not support the use of melatonin for the treatment of periodontitis. However, the negative outcome is limited by the short duration of the study and the chosen route of application as well as the dose of melatonin.
topic periodontal disease
antioxidant treatment
micro-computed tomography
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2390
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