The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional Literature

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Tax occupies an important role as a source income of the state. With this role, there are several important regulations in taxation, including the obligation for citizens to pay taxes. To enhance the benefit of...

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Main Author: Rahmad Hakim
Format: Article
Language:Arabic
Published: Universitas Darussalam Gontor 2019-11-01
Series:Tsaqafah
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/tsaqafah/article/view/3376
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spelling doaj-89068c7642d5404ea7fcbbf5b8d4c7412020-11-25T03:04:04ZaraUniversitas Darussalam GontorTsaqafah1411-03342460-00082019-11-0115233134410.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.33761895The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional LiteratureRahmad Hakim0Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Tax occupies an important role as a source income of the state. With this role, there are several important regulations in taxation, including the obligation for citizens to pay taxes. To enhance the benefit of tax, the criteria and ethical guidelines are needed for tax officers in carrying out their duties, so that the tax collection mechanism runs fairly, more transparent and accountable. This paper aims to analyze the criteria and ethical guidelines for tax officers in Islamic civilization as recorded in some traditional literature. This is qualitative research using the method of documentation in the collection of data. This study concluded that the criteria of tax officer are: <em>first,</em> the free person (not slave). <em>S</em><em>econd,</em> <em>am</em><em>â</em><em>nah</em>. <em>T</em><em>hird, </em>capable or expert <em>(kaf</em><em>â</em><em>'ah)</em>. <em>F</em><em>ourth,</em> meet the criteria of <em>faq</em><em>î</em><em>h</em> and <em>mujtah</em><em>î</em><em>d</em> (if serves as a determinant of the tax rate (<em>khar</em><em>â</em><em>j</em>)). On the other hand, the ethical guidelines for tax officer are: <em>first,</em> no excess conduct for the taxpayers. <em>Second,</em> no persecution. <em>Third, </em>avoid manipulating the value of gold. <em>Fourth,</em> no prize in the form of precious stones. <em>Fifth, </em>collect taxes properly and correctly (in accordance with sharia provisions). <em>Sixth,</em> no tax <em>(khar</em><em>â</em><em>j) </em>on people who convert to Muslim.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Ethics, Taxation, Islamic Taxation, Tax Officer, Islamic Civilization.  <strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pajak menempati peran penting sebagai sumber pendapatan dari negara. Dengan peran ini ada beberapa peraturan penting dalam perpajakan, termasuk kewajiban bagi warga negara untuk membayar pajak. Untuk meningkatkan manfaat pajak, kriteria dan pedoman etika diperlukan bagi petugas pajak dalam menjalankan tugasnya, sehingga mekanisme pengumpulan pajak berjalan dengan adil, lebih transparan, dan akuntabel. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kriteria dan pedoman etika bagi petugas pajak dalam peradaban Islam sebagaimana dicatat dalam beberapa literatur tradisional. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dalam pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kriteria untuk petugas pajak adalah: <em>pertama</em>, orang bebas (bukan budak). <em>Kedua</em>, amanah. <em>Ketiga</em>, cakap atau ahli <em>(kafâ’ah)</em>. <em>Keempat</em>, memenuhi kriteria faqih dan mujtahid (jika berfungsi sebagai penentu tarif pajak <em>(kharâj)</em>). Di sisi lain, pedoman etika untuk petugas pajak adalah: <em>pertama</em> tidak ada perilaku berlebihan untuk wajib pajak. <em>Kedua</em>, tidak ada penganiayaan. <em>Ketiga, </em>hindari memanipulasi nilai emas. <em>Keempat,</em>  tidak ada hadiah dalam bentuk batu mulia. <em>Kelima,</em> memungut pajak dengan benar (sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah). <em>Keenam, </em>tidak ada pajak <em>(kharâj)</em> pada orang-orang yang menyamar menjadi Muslim.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Etika, Perpajakan, Perpajakan Islam, Petugas Pajak, Peradaban Islam.</p>https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/tsaqafah/article/view/3376ethics, taxation, islamic taxation, islamic civilization.
collection DOAJ
language Arabic
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Rahmad Hakim
spellingShingle Rahmad Hakim
The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional Literature
Tsaqafah
ethics, taxation, islamic taxation, islamic civilization.
author_facet Rahmad Hakim
author_sort Rahmad Hakim
title The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional Literature
title_short The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional Literature
title_full The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional Literature
title_fullStr The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional Literature
title_full_unstemmed The Criteria and Ethical Guidelines for Tax Officer in Islam: a Review of Some Traditional Literature
title_sort criteria and ethical guidelines for tax officer in islam: a review of some traditional literature
publisher Universitas Darussalam Gontor
series Tsaqafah
issn 1411-0334
2460-0008
publishDate 2019-11-01
description <p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Tax occupies an important role as a source income of the state. With this role, there are several important regulations in taxation, including the obligation for citizens to pay taxes. To enhance the benefit of tax, the criteria and ethical guidelines are needed for tax officers in carrying out their duties, so that the tax collection mechanism runs fairly, more transparent and accountable. This paper aims to analyze the criteria and ethical guidelines for tax officers in Islamic civilization as recorded in some traditional literature. This is qualitative research using the method of documentation in the collection of data. This study concluded that the criteria of tax officer are: <em>first,</em> the free person (not slave). <em>S</em><em>econd,</em> <em>am</em><em>â</em><em>nah</em>. <em>T</em><em>hird, </em>capable or expert <em>(kaf</em><em>â</em><em>'ah)</em>. <em>F</em><em>ourth,</em> meet the criteria of <em>faq</em><em>î</em><em>h</em> and <em>mujtah</em><em>î</em><em>d</em> (if serves as a determinant of the tax rate (<em>khar</em><em>â</em><em>j</em>)). On the other hand, the ethical guidelines for tax officer are: <em>first,</em> no excess conduct for the taxpayers. <em>Second,</em> no persecution. <em>Third, </em>avoid manipulating the value of gold. <em>Fourth,</em> no prize in the form of precious stones. <em>Fifth, </em>collect taxes properly and correctly (in accordance with sharia provisions). <em>Sixth,</em> no tax <em>(khar</em><em>â</em><em>j) </em>on people who convert to Muslim.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Ethics, Taxation, Islamic Taxation, Tax Officer, Islamic Civilization.  <strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pajak menempati peran penting sebagai sumber pendapatan dari negara. Dengan peran ini ada beberapa peraturan penting dalam perpajakan, termasuk kewajiban bagi warga negara untuk membayar pajak. Untuk meningkatkan manfaat pajak, kriteria dan pedoman etika diperlukan bagi petugas pajak dalam menjalankan tugasnya, sehingga mekanisme pengumpulan pajak berjalan dengan adil, lebih transparan, dan akuntabel. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kriteria dan pedoman etika bagi petugas pajak dalam peradaban Islam sebagaimana dicatat dalam beberapa literatur tradisional. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dalam pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kriteria untuk petugas pajak adalah: <em>pertama</em>, orang bebas (bukan budak). <em>Kedua</em>, amanah. <em>Ketiga</em>, cakap atau ahli <em>(kafâ’ah)</em>. <em>Keempat</em>, memenuhi kriteria faqih dan mujtahid (jika berfungsi sebagai penentu tarif pajak <em>(kharâj)</em>). Di sisi lain, pedoman etika untuk petugas pajak adalah: <em>pertama</em> tidak ada perilaku berlebihan untuk wajib pajak. <em>Kedua</em>, tidak ada penganiayaan. <em>Ketiga, </em>hindari memanipulasi nilai emas. <em>Keempat,</em>  tidak ada hadiah dalam bentuk batu mulia. <em>Kelima,</em> memungut pajak dengan benar (sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah). <em>Keenam, </em>tidak ada pajak <em>(kharâj)</em> pada orang-orang yang menyamar menjadi Muslim.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Etika, Perpajakan, Perpajakan Islam, Petugas Pajak, Peradaban Islam.</p>
topic ethics, taxation, islamic taxation, islamic civilization.
url https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/tsaqafah/article/view/3376
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