Structure and gas sensitivity of WO3–In2O3 and WO3–Co3O4 oxide compositions

• Main Authors: Yulyan S. Haiduk, Alexander A. Khort, Maxim A. Makhavikou, Alexander A. Savitsky
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Pensoft Publishers 2019-09-01
• Series: Modern Electronic Materials
• Online Access: https://moem.pensoft.net/article/52308/download/pdf/

Using oxide compositions is a promising method of increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of semiconductor gas sensors on the basis of SnO2, In2O3, WO3 and other oxides. We have studied nanocrystalline tungsten oxide (WO3), indium oxide (In2O3), cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and mixed oxide compositions with different WO3/In2O3 and WO3/Co3O4 ratios synthesized using the sol-gel method after xerogel annealing at 400–600 °C. The morphology, phase composition and structure of the materials have been studied using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We showed that stable structures can be produced in WO3–In2O3 and WO3–Со3O4 nanoheterogeneous compositions. The growth of grain size in WO3 and In2O3, WO3 and Co3O4 during heat treatment of mixed compositions occurs slower than in simple oxides. An increase in the gas sensitivity of the compositions in comparison with simple oxides can be accounted for by smaller grain sizes and hence larger specific surface area, as well as by the dependence of grain surface state on material composition. Both compositions exhibit the greatest nitrogen dioxide response at 130–150 °C and the greatest carbon oxide response at above 230 °C. We have produced low-power nitrogen dioxide sensors with a sensitivity of << 1 ppm and power consumption of ≤ 85 mW.