Morbidity and mortality following envenomation by the common night adder (<i>Causus rhombeatus</i>) in three dogs

• Main Authors: Kurt G.M. de Cramer, Garreth A. van Bart, Freek Huberts
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: AOSIS 2012-04-01
• Series: Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
• Subjects: Snakebite; dog; common night adder; Causus rhombeatus; fatality; tissue necrosis
• Online Access: http://www.jsava.co.za/index.php/jsava/article/view/205
• ISSN: 1019-9128; 2224-9435

In South Africa dogs are frequently presented to veterinarians following snakebite. The offending snakes are usually puff adders (<em>Bitis arietans</em>), cobras (<em>Naja</em> spp.) and mambas (<em>Dendroaspis</em> spp.). Night adder (<em>Causus rhombeatus</em>) bites in dogs have not yet been reported in South Africa. This article deals with three cases of dogs bitten by night adders in which extensive tissue damage was noted and one fatality occurred. Night adder bites may be indistinguishable from puff adder bites. Non-specific treatment included addressing the hypovolaemia and swelling. Specific treatment involving immunotherapy using the South African polyvalent antivenom would be ineffective as it does not contain immunoglobulins against night adder venom. Veterinarians should also include night adders as the possible cause of dogs suffering from severe and painful swellings suspected to be due to snakebites.