Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus <i>Diaporthe</i> and Anamorph<i> Phomopsis</i> from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010–2019

• Main Authors: Tang-Chang Xu, Yi-Han Lu, Jun-Fei Wang, Zhi-Qiang Song, Ya-Ge Hou, Si-Si Liu, Chuan-Sheng Liu, Shao-Hua Wu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
• Series: Microorganisms
• Subjects: ascomycetes; endophytic fungi; plant pathogens; biological activities; natural products
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/217

The genus <i>Diaporthe </i>and its anamorph<i> Phomopsis</i> are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism and saprophytism, and participate in the basic metabolic process of plants. In the past ten years, many studies have been focused on the discovery of new species and biological secondary metabolites from this genus. In this review, we summarize a total of 335 bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from 26 known species and various unidentified species of <i>Diaporthe </i>and <i>Phomopsis</i> during 2010–2019. Overall, there are 106 bioactive compounds derived from <i>Diaporthe</i> and 246 from <i>Phomopsis</i>, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Polyketides constitute the main chemical population, accounting for 64%. Meanwhile, their bioactivities mainly involve cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-algae, phytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. <i>Diaporthe </i>and<i> Phomopsis</i> exhibit their potent talents in the discovery of small molecules for drug candidates.