A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose an environmental health hazard due to the release of water-soluble cyanotoxins. One of the most prevalent cyanotoxins in nature is microcystins (MCs), a class of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, and they are produced by several common cyanobacteria in aquatic envi...

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Main Authors:	Anjali Krishnan, Xiaozhen Mou
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2021-08-01
Series:	Water
Subjects:	microcystins hepatotoxin cyanotoxins
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2147

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spelling	doaj-8808b5e5c396429a888de8d5ee2d51752021-08-26T14:27:25ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-01132147214710.3390/w13162147A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of MicrocystinsAnjali Krishnan0Xiaozhen Mou1Biological Science Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USABiological Science Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USAHarmful cyanobacterial blooms pose an environmental health hazard due to the release of water-soluble cyanotoxins. One of the most prevalent cyanotoxins in nature is microcystins (MCs), a class of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, and they are produced by several common cyanobacteria in aquatic environments. Once released from cyanobacterial cells, MCs are subjected to physical chemical and biological transformations in natural environments. MCs can also be taken up and accumulated in aquatic organisms and their grazers/predators and induce toxic effects in several organisms, including humans. This brief review aimed to summarize our current understanding on the chemical structure, exposure pathway, cytotoxicity, biosynthesis, and environmental transformation of microcystins.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2147microcystinshepatotoxincyanotoxins
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Anjali Krishnan Xiaozhen Mou
spellingShingle	Anjali Krishnan Xiaozhen Mou A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins Water microcystins hepatotoxin cyanotoxins
author_facet	Anjali Krishnan Xiaozhen Mou
author_sort	Anjali Krishnan
title	A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins
title_short	A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins
title_full	A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins
title_fullStr	A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins
title_full_unstemmed	A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins
title_sort	brief review of the structure, cytotoxicity, synthesis, and biodegradation of microcystins
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Water
issn	2073-4441
publishDate	2021-08-01
description	Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose an environmental health hazard due to the release of water-soluble cyanotoxins. One of the most prevalent cyanotoxins in nature is microcystins (MCs), a class of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, and they are produced by several common cyanobacteria in aquatic environments. Once released from cyanobacterial cells, MCs are subjected to physical chemical and biological transformations in natural environments. MCs can also be taken up and accumulated in aquatic organisms and their grazers/predators and induce toxic effects in several organisms, including humans. This brief review aimed to summarize our current understanding on the chemical structure, exposure pathway, cytotoxicity, biosynthesis, and environmental transformation of microcystins.
topic	microcystins hepatotoxin cyanotoxins
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2147
work_keys_str_mv	AT anjalikrishnan abriefreviewofthestructurecytotoxicitysynthesisandbiodegradationofmicrocystins AT xiaozhenmou abriefreviewofthestructurecytotoxicitysynthesisandbiodegradationofmicrocystins AT anjalikrishnan briefreviewofthestructurecytotoxicitysynthesisandbiodegradationofmicrocystins AT xiaozhenmou briefreviewofthestructurecytotoxicitysynthesisandbiodegradationofmicrocystins
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A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins

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