RICE CULTIVATION IN AN EBBTIDE SYSTEM IN THE MARANHÃO LOWLANDS, SOUTHEASTERN PERIPHERY OF AMAZONIA A CULTURA DO ARROZ EM SISTEMA DE VAZANTE NA BAIXADA MARANHENSE, PERIFERIA DO SUDESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

• Main Authors: Marcelino Silva Farias Filho, Altamiro Souza de Lima Ferraz Júnior
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universidade Federal de Goiás 2009-03-01
• Series: Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical
• Subjects: Arroz; Maranhão; agricultura familiar; agricultura de vazante
• Online Access: http://www.revistas.ufg.br/index.php/pat/article/view/4597

&lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;Agricultural production in the Maranhão State, southeastern periphery of Amazonia, Brazil, is predominantly smallholder-based and uses slash-and-burn technology. Nevertheless, other environmentally less aggressive land use systems are also relevant for food production, especially the so-called ebbtide system, in the Maranhão lowlands. This paper describes and evaluates ebbtide production, within the landless settlement project “Diamante Negro/Jutaí”, located in Monção and Igarapé do Meio, municipalities of the Maranhão lowlands. Our farmer-based assessment consisted of interviews with 14 farmers and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;&lt;em&gt;in loco&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt; observations. Furthermore, an agroecological assessment was conducted, based on participative field experimentation, with 15 local farmers. The main factors causing rice productivity losses are related to hydric stress situations and rodents (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Arvicola sapidus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;). The productivity and milling yield of improved rice varieties did not differ statistically. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;KEY-WORDS: &lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;Rice; Maranhão lowlands; smallholder agriculture; ebbtide production.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt; &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt; &lt;w:AutoHyphenation /&gt; &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt; &lt;w:PunctuationKerning /&gt; &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /&gt; &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt; &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt; &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt; &lt;w:Compatibility&gt; &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables /&gt; &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell /&gt; &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct /&gt; &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules /&gt; &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit /&gt; &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt; &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt; &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"&gt; &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;&lt;object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui&gt;&lt;/object&gt; &lt;style&gt;&#13; st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) }&#13; &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt; &lt;!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.ResumoPAT, li.ResumoPAT, div.ResumoPAT {mso-style-name:"Resumo PAT"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;} p.Palavras-ChavePAT, li.Palavras-ChavePAT, div.Palavras-ChavePAT {mso-style-name:"Palavras-Chave PAT"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-footnote-numbering-restart:each-section;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;&#13; /* Style Definitions */&#13; table.MsoNormalTable&#13; {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";&#13; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;&#13; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;&#13; mso-style-noshow:yes;&#13; mso-style-parent:"";&#13; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;&#13; mso-para-margin:0cm;&#13; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;&#13; mso-pagination:widow-orphan;&#13; font-size:10.0pt;&#13; font-family:"Times New Roman";&#13; mso-ansi-language:#0400;&#13; mso-fareast-language:#0400;&#13; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}&#13; &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;<br>&lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;A produção agrícola do Maranhão advém, em grande parte, da agricultura familiar, no tradicional sistema de corte e queima. Entretanto, outros sistemas agrícolas menos agressivos ao ambiente figuram no Estado, como mantenedores da produção de alimentos. Dentre eles, a agricultura de vazante, desenvolvida na Baixada Maranhense, assume posição de destaque. A pesquisa caracterizou e avaliou esse sistema de produção. Foram realizadas observações de campo, nas diversas localidades pertencentes ao Assentamento Diamante Negro/Jutaí, cujo território abrange áreas dos municípios de Monção e Igarapé do Meio, na Baixada Maranhense. A avaliação do sistema, sob a ótica do agricultor, foi realizada com base na aplicação de questionários a 14 agricultores e observações &lt;em&gt;in loco&lt;/em&gt;. A avaliação do sistema, do ponto de vista da Agroecologia, foi feita a partir de experimentação participativa, com quinze agricultores das comunidades analisadas. As principais perdas observadas na cultura do arroz estão relacionadas com o estresse hídrico das plantas e com o ataque de roedores (&lt;em&gt;Arvicola sapidus&lt;/em&gt;). A produtividade e o rendimento de engenho dos genótipos inseridos não diferiram estatisticamente. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arroz; Maranhão; agricultura familiar; agricultura de vazante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;