Summary: | <!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">Agricultural production in the Maranhão State, southeastern periphery of Amazonia, Brazil, is predominantly smallholder-based and uses slash-and-burn technology. Nevertheless, other environmentally less aggressive land use systems are also relevant for food production, especially the so-called ebbtide system, in the Maranhão lowlands. This paper describes and evaluates ebbtide production, within the landless settlement project “Diamante Negro/Jutaí”, located in Monção and Igarapé do Meio, municipalities of the Maranhão lowlands. Our farmer-based assessment consisted of interviews with 14 farmers and </span><span lang="en-US"><em>in loco</em></span><span lang="en-US"> observations. Furthermore, an agroecological assessment was conducted, based on participative field experimentation, with 15 local farmers. The main factors causing rice productivity losses are related to hydric stress situations and rodents (</span><span lang="en-US"><em>Arvicola sapidus</em></span><span lang="en-US">). The productivity and milling yield of improved rice varieties did not differ statistically. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">KEY-WORDS: <span lang="en-US">Rice; Maranhão lowlands; smallholder agriculture; ebbtide production.</span></span></span></span></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:AutoHyphenation /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object> <style> st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.ResumoPAT, li.ResumoPAT, div.ResumoPAT {mso-style-name:"Resumo PAT"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;} p.Palavras-ChavePAT, li.Palavras-ChavePAT, div.Palavras-ChavePAT {mso-style-name:"Palavras-Chave PAT"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; line-height:120%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-footnote-numbering-restart:each-section;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><br><!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A produção agrícola do Maranhão advém, em grande parte, da agricultura familiar, no tradicional sistema de corte e queima. Entretanto, outros sistemas agrícolas menos agressivos ao ambiente figuram no Estado, como mantenedores da produção de alimentos. Dentre eles, a agricultura de vazante, desenvolvida na Baixada Maranhense, assume posição de destaque. A pesquisa caracterizou e avaliou esse sistema de produção. Foram realizadas observações de campo, nas diversas localidades pertencentes ao Assentamento Diamante Negro/Jutaí, cujo território abrange áreas dos municípios de Monção e Igarapé do Meio, na Baixada Maranhense. A avaliação do sistema, sob a ótica do agricultor, foi realizada com base na aplicação de questionários a 14 agricultores e observações <em>in loco</em>. A avaliação do sistema, do ponto de vista da Agroecologia, foi feita a partir de experimentação participativa, com quinze agricultores das comunidades analisadas. As principais perdas observadas na cultura do arroz estão relacionadas com o estresse hídrico das plantas e com o ataque de roedores (<em>Arvicola sapidus</em>). A produtividade e o rendimento de engenho dos genótipos inseridos não diferiram estatisticamente. </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arroz; Maranhão; agricultura familiar; agricultura de vazante.</span></span></span></p>
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