Early hypophosphataemia in at risk newborns. Frequency and magnitude

Objective: To determine the frequency and magnitude of neonatal hypophosphataemia (<4 mg/dL) in a neonatal Intensive Care Unit and to describe risk groups. Patients and methods: Retrospective study of hospitalised newborns over a 44 month period (phase 1). Retrospective study of <1500 g/<32...

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Main Authors: Gerardo Bustos Lozano, Álvaro Hidalgo Romero, Ana Melgar Bonis, Noelia Ureta Velasco, Carlos Orbea Gallardo, Carmen Pallás Alonso
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Elsevier 2018-04-01
Series:Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2341287918300255
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Summary:Objective: To determine the frequency and magnitude of neonatal hypophosphataemia (<4 mg/dL) in a neonatal Intensive Care Unit and to describe risk groups. Patients and methods: Retrospective study of hospitalised newborns over a 44 month period (phase 1). Retrospective study of <1500 g/<32 weeks of gestation newborns over a 6 month period (phase 2). Prospective study of <1500 g or 1550–2000 g, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) newborns. Measurements were made on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of life (phase 3). Results: Phase 1: 34 (2.4%) of 1,394 patients had a diagnosis of hypophosphataemia, 76% of them ≤32 weeks of gestation and <1500 g, and 24% >32 weeks with weight <P10. Phase 2: 12 (16.4%) of 73 patients had a diagnosis of hypophosphataemia, with <2 mg/dL in 5 (6.8%). Eight (75%) of those with hypophosphataemia had IUGR, and 4 (25%) weighed <1000 g. Five cases had associated hypokalaemia, and three hypercalcaemia. Phase 3: 9 (45%) of 20 patients had hypophosphataemia, all of them <1000 g or <1200 g and weight percentile <10. Thirty-three percent of samples on days 1, 3, and 7 showed hypophosphataemia, four of them <2 mg/dL. There was mild hypokalaemia in 5 (55%), and mild hypercalcaemia in 2 (22%) cases. Hypophosphataemia was associated with lower enteral nutrition and higher parenteral amino acid intake in the early days of life. Conclusions: Hypophosphataemia is common, and can be severe, in the first week of life in premature infants <1000 g, and newborns <1200 g with foetal malnutrition and receiving amino acids in early parenteral nutrition. Resumen: Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia y la magnitud de la hipofosforemia neonatal (<4 mg/dl) en una UCIN y definir los grupos de riesgo. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en neonatos hospitalizados, en periodo de 44 meses (fase 1). Estudio retrospectivo en <1.500 g/<32 semanas de gestación en período posterior de 6 meses (fase 2). Estudio prospectivo en <1.500 g o CIR con peso 1.500-2.000 g. Determinaciones en días 1, 3, 7 y 14 de vida (fase 3). Resultados: Fase 1: 34 de 1.394 pacientes (2,4%) fueron diagnosticados de hipofosforemia, 76% de ellos ≤32 semanas de gestación y <1.500 g, y 24% >32 semanas con peso <P10. Fase 2: 12 de 73 pacientes (16,4%) fueron diagnosticados de hipofosforemia, 5 (6,8%) con hipofosofremia <2 mg/dl. De ellos 8 fueron CIR y 4 <1.000 g. Cinco pacientes asociaron hipopotasemia y 3 hipercalcemia. Fase 3: 9 de 20 pacientes (45%) presentaron hipofosforemia, todos <1.000 g o con peso al nacer <1.200 g y percentil <10. El 33% de las muestras de los días 1, 3 y 7 mostraron hipofosforemia, <2 mg/dl en 4 muestras. Asociaron hipopotasemia leve 5 casos (55%) e hipercalcemia leve 2 (22%). La hipofosforemia se asoció a menor nutrición enteral y más aporte parenteral de aminoácidos en los primeros días. Conclusiones: La hipofosforemia es frecuente y puede ser crítica en la primera semana en prematuros <1.000 g y en los nacidos con desnutrición fetal y peso <1.200 g que reciben aminoácidos en la nutrición parenteral precoz.
ISSN:2341-2879