| Summary: | Energy efficiency is one of the key performance indicators in 5G New Radio (NR) networks targeted to support diversified use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). Trade-offs have to be carefully considered between energy efficiency and other performance aspects such as latency, throughput, connection densities and reliability. Energy efficiency is important for both user equipment (UE) side and base station side. On UE side, UE battery life has great impact on user experience. It is challenging to improve UE experience in other performance aspects without affecting battery life of 5G handsets. On the base station side, efficient network implementation is critical in both environmental and operation cost standpoints. To adapt different requirements and trade-offs, the 5G NR standard is designed to have great flexibility on network operation modes. This paper provides an overview on power saving techniques supported by 5G NR standards according to the current 5G standardization progress. It provides the 5G evolution path of the power saving techniques from the first release of 5G standard to the future beyond-5G releases. In addition to the existing standardized techniques, some major development trends of green communication and the future potential enhancements expected in the beyond-5G standards are discussed.
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