Emergency Diagnosis of Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) of Spine by Image Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)

• Main Authors: Prem Singh, Manish Chaudhry, Amitoj Singh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2014-07-01
• Series: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
• Subjects: giant cell tumour; paraplegia; vertebral mass; stromal cells
• Online Access: https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/4564/8845_CE(Ra1)_F(H)_PF1(PAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(AGAK)_PF2(PN).pdf

Giant cell tumour (GCT) of spine is an extremely rare neoplasm accounting 0.5% to 1.5% of all cases. The patient usually presents with weakness of lower limbs. We describe a case of 25-year-old male who presented with sudden onset of paraplegia. On plain radiograph there was an osteolytic lesion in T9 vertebra. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed expansile lytic lesion in T9 vertebral body with involvement of posterior elements on right side with associated soft tissue mass in the extradural location extending into the spinal cord. Further Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan (T1 contrast) showed the enhancing extradural mass involving spinal cord from D 8-10 levels. A provisional radiological diagnosis of GCT was made. A CT guided FNAC of the mass was performed which revealed typical cytological features of Giant cell tumour. Role of image guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of vertebral mass and its role in emergency situations with clear emphasis on differential diagnosis is highlighted.