A New Approach to Identifying Crash Hotspot Intersections (CHIs) Using Spatial Weights Matrices

• Main Authors: Zhonggui Zhang, Yi Ming, Gangbing Song
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-02-01
• Series: Applied Sciences
• Subjects: crash hotspot intersections (chis); road network; traffic crash; spatial weights matrix (swm); getis–ord gi*; hotspot analysis; intersection prediction accuracy index (ipai)
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1625

In this paper we develop a new approach to directly detect crash hotspot intersections (CHIs) using two customized spatial weights matrices, which are the inverse network distance-band spatial weights matrix of intersections (INDSWMI) and the k-nearest distance-band spatial weights matrix between crash and intersection (KDSWMCI). This new approach has three major steps. The first step is to build the INDSWMI by forming the road network, extracting the intersections from road junctions, and constructing the INDSWMI with road network constraints. The second step is to build the KDSWMCI by obtaining the adjacency crashes for each intersection. The third step is to perform intersection hotspot analysis (IHA) by using the Getis−Ord Gi* statistic with the INDSWMI and KDSWMCI to identify CHIs and test the Intersection Prediction Accuracy Index (IPAI). This approach is validated by comparison of the IPAI obtained using open street map (OSM) roads and intersection-related crashes (2008−2017) from Spencer city, Iowa, USA. The findings of the comparison show that higher prediction accuracy is achieved by using the proposed approach in identifying CHIs.