Improving Lodging Resistance: Using Wheat and Rice as Classical Examples

• Main Authors: Liaqat Shah, Muhammad Yahya, Syed Mehar Ali Shah, Muhammad Nadeem, Ahmad Ali, Asif Ali, Jing Wang, Muhammad Waheed Riaz, Shamsur Rehman, Weixun Wu, Riaz Muhammad Khan, Adil Abbas, Aamir Riaz, Galal Bakr Anis, Hongqi Si, Haiyang Jiang, Chuanxi Ma
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-08-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: lodging; morphological management; plant growth regulators; resistance genes; agronomical management
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/17/4211

One of the most chronic constraints to crop production is the grain yield reduction near the crop harvest stage by lodging worldwide. This is more prevalent in cereal crops, particularly in wheat and rice. Major factors associated with lodging involve morphological and anatomical traits along with the chemical composition of the stem. These traits have built up the remarkable relationship in wheat and rice genotypes either prone to lodging or displaying lodging resistance. In this review, we have made a comparison of our conceptual perceptions with foregoing published reports and proposed the fundamental controlling techniques that could be practiced to control the devastating effects of lodging stress. The management of lodging stress is, however, reliant on chemical, agronomical, and genetic factors that are reducing the risk of lodging threat in wheat and rice. But, still, there are many questions remain to be answered to elucidate the complex lodging phenomenon, so agronomists, breeders, physiologists, and molecular biologists require further investigation to address this challenging problem.