Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?

Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavi...

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Main Authors: Bruno César Ladeira Vidigal, Carolina Morsani Mordente, Paula Loureiro Cheib, Flávio Ricardo Manzi, Letícia Paiva Franco, Helena Maria Gonçalves Becker, Bernardo Quiroga Souki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-03-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869418300612
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language English
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author Bruno César Ladeira Vidigal
Carolina Morsani Mordente
Paula Loureiro Cheib
Flávio Ricardo Manzi
Letícia Paiva Franco
Helena Maria Gonçalves Becker
Bernardo Quiroga Souki
spellingShingle Bruno César Ladeira Vidigal
Carolina Morsani Mordente
Paula Loureiro Cheib
Flávio Ricardo Manzi
Letícia Paiva Franco
Helena Maria Gonçalves Becker
Bernardo Quiroga Souki
Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
author_facet Bruno César Ladeira Vidigal
Carolina Morsani Mordente
Paula Loureiro Cheib
Flávio Ricardo Manzi
Letícia Paiva Franco
Helena Maria Gonçalves Becker
Bernardo Quiroga Souki
author_sort Bruno César Ladeira Vidigal
title Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?
title_short Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?
title_full Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?
title_fullStr Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?
title_full_unstemmed Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?
title_sort are computed tomography 3d measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ent clinical diagnosis of obstruction?
publisher Elsevier
series Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
issn 1808-8694
publishDate 2019-03-01
description Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children. Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5–9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography. Tomographic volumetric measurements and dichotomic otorhinolaryngological diagnosis (obstructed vs. non-obstructed) in three anatomical regions (the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx) were compared and correlated. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the association between the 3D measurements of the upper airways and the otorhinolaryngological diagnosis of obstruction in the three anatomical regions. Inter- and intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability of the 3D measurements. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. An association was found between turbinate hypertrophy and nasal cavity volume reduction (p < 0.05) and between adenoid hyperplasia and nasopharynx volume reduction (p < 0.001). No association was found between palatine tonsil hyperplasia and oropharynx volume reduction. Conclusions: (1) The nasal cavity volume was reduced when hypertrophic turbinates were diagnosed; (2) the nasopharynx was reduced when adenoid hyperplasia was diagnosed; and (3) the oropharynx volume of mouth-breathing children with tonsil hyperplasia was similar to that of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children. The adoption of the actual anatomy of the various compartments of the upper airway is an improvement to the evaluation method. Resumo: Introdução: O exame clínico otorrinolaringológico da via aérea superior tem sido historicamente feito com a ajuda de imagens radiográficas para diagnosticar causas obstrutivas da respiração bucal. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as medidas volumétricas em 3D da cavidade nasal, nasofaringe e orofaringe entre crianças com respiração bucal e obstrução respiratória, e crianças respiradoras bucais sem obstrução respiratória. Método: Estudo retrospectivo que inclui 25 crianças respiradoras bucais de 5 a 9 anos de idade. As crianças foram avaliadas por exame clínico otorrinolaringológico, nasofibroscopia flexível e tomografia computadorizada multi-slice. Medidas volumétricas obtidas tomograficamente de três regiões anatômicas (cavidade nasal, nasofaringe e orofaringe) foram correlacionadas e comparadas com diagnóstico dicotômico otorrinolaringológico (obstruído vs. não obstruído). Um teste t de amostra independente foi usado para avaliar a associação entre as medidas em 3D das vias aéreas superiores e o diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de obstrução nas três regiões anatômicas. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse inter e intraobservador foram usados para avaliar a confiabilidade das medidas em 3D. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variou de 0,97 a 0,99. Uma associação foi encontrada entre a hipertrofia de conchas e a redução do volume da cavidade nasal (p < 0,05) e entre a hiperplasia de tonsila faríngea e a redução do volume da nasofaringe (p < 0,001). Não foi encontrada associação entre a hiperplasia da tonsila palatina e a redução do volume da orofaringe. Conclusões: 1) O volume da cavidade nasal estava reduzido nas crianças com diagnóstico de hipertrofia de conchas; 2) O volume da nasofaringe estava reduzido nas crianças com diagnóstico de hiperplasia de tonsila faríngea; e 3) O volume da orofaringe de crianças com respiração bucal e hiperplasia de tonsila palatina foi semelhante ao de crianças respiradoras bucais sem aumento da tonsila palatina. A adoção da mensuração anatômica dos vários compartimentos da via aérea superior complementa o método de avaliação. Keywords: Tomography, Mouth breathing, Nasal cavity, Oropharynx, Nasopharynx, Palavras-chave: Tomografia, Respiração bucal, Cavidade nasal, Orofaringe, Nasofaringe
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869418300612
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spelling doaj-84bfa3c251754d7ba9db73de65fd0e862021-02-02T04:37:17ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology1808-86942019-03-01852213221Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?Bruno César Ladeira Vidigal0Carolina Morsani Mordente1Paula Loureiro Cheib2Flávio Ricardo Manzi3Letícia Paiva Franco4Helena Maria Gonçalves Becker5Bernardo Quiroga Souki6Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), Odontologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Hospital das Clínicas, Ambulatório de Respirador Oral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Corresponding author.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Ambulatório de Respirador Oral, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), Odontologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilIntroduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children. Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5–9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography. Tomographic volumetric measurements and dichotomic otorhinolaryngological diagnosis (obstructed vs. non-obstructed) in three anatomical regions (the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx) were compared and correlated. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the association between the 3D measurements of the upper airways and the otorhinolaryngological diagnosis of obstruction in the three anatomical regions. Inter- and intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability of the 3D measurements. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. An association was found between turbinate hypertrophy and nasal cavity volume reduction (p < 0.05) and between adenoid hyperplasia and nasopharynx volume reduction (p < 0.001). No association was found between palatine tonsil hyperplasia and oropharynx volume reduction. Conclusions: (1) The nasal cavity volume was reduced when hypertrophic turbinates were diagnosed; (2) the nasopharynx was reduced when adenoid hyperplasia was diagnosed; and (3) the oropharynx volume of mouth-breathing children with tonsil hyperplasia was similar to that of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children. The adoption of the actual anatomy of the various compartments of the upper airway is an improvement to the evaluation method. Resumo: Introdução: O exame clínico otorrinolaringológico da via aérea superior tem sido historicamente feito com a ajuda de imagens radiográficas para diagnosticar causas obstrutivas da respiração bucal. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as medidas volumétricas em 3D da cavidade nasal, nasofaringe e orofaringe entre crianças com respiração bucal e obstrução respiratória, e crianças respiradoras bucais sem obstrução respiratória. Método: Estudo retrospectivo que inclui 25 crianças respiradoras bucais de 5 a 9 anos de idade. As crianças foram avaliadas por exame clínico otorrinolaringológico, nasofibroscopia flexível e tomografia computadorizada multi-slice. Medidas volumétricas obtidas tomograficamente de três regiões anatômicas (cavidade nasal, nasofaringe e orofaringe) foram correlacionadas e comparadas com diagnóstico dicotômico otorrinolaringológico (obstruído vs. não obstruído). Um teste t de amostra independente foi usado para avaliar a associação entre as medidas em 3D das vias aéreas superiores e o diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de obstrução nas três regiões anatômicas. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse inter e intraobservador foram usados para avaliar a confiabilidade das medidas em 3D. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variou de 0,97 a 0,99. Uma associação foi encontrada entre a hipertrofia de conchas e a redução do volume da cavidade nasal (p < 0,05) e entre a hiperplasia de tonsila faríngea e a redução do volume da nasofaringe (p < 0,001). Não foi encontrada associação entre a hiperplasia da tonsila palatina e a redução do volume da orofaringe. Conclusões: 1) O volume da cavidade nasal estava reduzido nas crianças com diagnóstico de hipertrofia de conchas; 2) O volume da nasofaringe estava reduzido nas crianças com diagnóstico de hiperplasia de tonsila faríngea; e 3) O volume da orofaringe de crianças com respiração bucal e hiperplasia de tonsila palatina foi semelhante ao de crianças respiradoras bucais sem aumento da tonsila palatina. A adoção da mensuração anatômica dos vários compartimentos da via aérea superior complementa o método de avaliação. Keywords: Tomography, Mouth breathing, Nasal cavity, Oropharynx, Nasopharynx, Palavras-chave: Tomografia, Respiração bucal, Cavidade nasal, Orofaringe, Nasofaringehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869418300612