Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India

Accurate and early diagnosis of animal rabies is critical for undertaking public health measures. Whereas the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) technique is the recommended test, the more convenient, direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT), as well as the more sensitive, reverse transcription polym...

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Main Authors: K. Nithin Prabhu, Shrikrishna Isloor, B. Hanchinal Veeresh, Doddamane Rathnamma, R. Sharada, Lekshmi J. Das, M.L. Satyanarayana, Nagendra R. Hegde, Sira Abdul Rahman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-02-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/5/1/24
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spelling doaj-841ba856f9e1473eabc0fa9c836e0fa62021-04-02T14:16:23ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812018-02-01512410.3390/vetsci5010024vetsci5010024Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in IndiaK. Nithin Prabhu0Shrikrishna Isloor1B. Hanchinal Veeresh2Doddamane Rathnamma3R. Sharada4Lekshmi J. Das5M.L. Satyanarayana6Nagendra R. Hegde7Sira Abdul Rahman8Commonwealth Veterinary Association—Crucell Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College—Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaCommonwealth Veterinary Association—Crucell Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College—Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College—Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College—Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College—Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Veterinary College—Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaDepartment of Pathology, Veterinary College—Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru 560024, IndiaNational Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, IndiaCommonwealth Veterinary Association, Jayanagar, Bengaluru 560011, IndiaAccurate and early diagnosis of animal rabies is critical for undertaking public health measures. Whereas the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) technique is the recommended test, the more convenient, direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT), as well as the more sensitive, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), have recently been employed for the laboratory diagnosis of rabies. We compared the three methods on brain samples from domestic (dog, cat, cattle, buffalo, horse, pig and goat) and wild (leopard, wolf and jackal) animals from various parts of India. Of the 257 samples tested, 167 were positive by all the three tests; in addition, 35 of the 36 decomposed samples were positive by RT-PCR. This is the first study in which such large number of animal samples have been subjected to the three tests simultaneously. The results confirm 100% corroboration between DFA and dRIT, buttress the applicability of dRIT in the simple and rapid diagnosis of rabies in animals, and reaffirm the suitability of RT-PCR for samples unfit for testing either by DFA or dRIT.http://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/5/1/24rabiesdirect fluorescent antibody (DFA)direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT)reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)India
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author K. Nithin Prabhu
Shrikrishna Isloor
B. Hanchinal Veeresh
Doddamane Rathnamma
R. Sharada
Lekshmi J. Das
M.L. Satyanarayana
Nagendra R. Hegde
Sira Abdul Rahman
spellingShingle K. Nithin Prabhu
Shrikrishna Isloor
B. Hanchinal Veeresh
Doddamane Rathnamma
R. Sharada
Lekshmi J. Das
M.L. Satyanarayana
Nagendra R. Hegde
Sira Abdul Rahman
Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India
Veterinary Sciences
rabies
direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT)
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
India
author_facet K. Nithin Prabhu
Shrikrishna Isloor
B. Hanchinal Veeresh
Doddamane Rathnamma
R. Sharada
Lekshmi J. Das
M.L. Satyanarayana
Nagendra R. Hegde
Sira Abdul Rahman
author_sort K. Nithin Prabhu
title Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India
title_short Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India
title_full Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India
title_fullStr Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India
title_full_unstemmed Application and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorescent Antibody, Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for the Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen or Nucleic Acid in Brain Samples of Animals Suspected of Rabies in India
title_sort application and comparative evaluation of fluorescent antibody, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests for the detection of rabies virus antigen or nucleic acid in brain samples of animals suspected of rabies in india
publisher MDPI AG
series Veterinary Sciences
issn 2306-7381
publishDate 2018-02-01
description Accurate and early diagnosis of animal rabies is critical for undertaking public health measures. Whereas the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) technique is the recommended test, the more convenient, direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT), as well as the more sensitive, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), have recently been employed for the laboratory diagnosis of rabies. We compared the three methods on brain samples from domestic (dog, cat, cattle, buffalo, horse, pig and goat) and wild (leopard, wolf and jackal) animals from various parts of India. Of the 257 samples tested, 167 were positive by all the three tests; in addition, 35 of the 36 decomposed samples were positive by RT-PCR. This is the first study in which such large number of animal samples have been subjected to the three tests simultaneously. The results confirm 100% corroboration between DFA and dRIT, buttress the applicability of dRIT in the simple and rapid diagnosis of rabies in animals, and reaffirm the suitability of RT-PCR for samples unfit for testing either by DFA or dRIT.
topic rabies
direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
direct rapid immunochemistry test (dRIT)
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
India
url http://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/5/1/24
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