Levels of Gene Expression of Immunological Biomarkers in Peri-Implant and Periodontal Tissues

• Main Authors: Luciene Cristina Figueiredo, Bruno Bueno-Silva, Cristiana Fernandes Plutarco Nogueira, Leonardo Carneiro Valadares, Katia Marina Morilla Garcia, Givelton Coimbra da Luz Filho, Luciano Milanello, Felipe Machado Esteves, Jamil Awad Shibli, Tamires Szeremeske Miranda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-12-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: periodontitis; peri-implantitis; biomarkers
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/9100
• ISSN: 1661-7827; 1660-4601

This study compared the gene expression of the immunoinflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, -2, -8, and -9, and the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases (TIMP)-1 and -2 in the gingival tissue of individuals with periodontal and peri-implant disease. The study population included individuals with four periodontal statuses: periodontal health (PH group, n = 20); periodontitis (P group, n = 20); peri-implant health (PIH group, n = 20), and peri-implantitis (PI group, n = 20). Gingival biopsies were collected from one tooth per patient according to the inclusion criteria of each group. The mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were evaluated by qPCR. The levels of IL-1ß were significantly higher in the PI group when compared to the other groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05), while the levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in the groups with periodontal and peri-implant disease when compared with the healthy groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05); however, the levels of IL-6 did not differ between the PI and P groups (<em>p</em> > 0.05). For all other studied biomarkers, no significant differences were observed between groups (<em>p</em> > 0.05). IL-6 and IL-1ß presented higher levels of mRNA in diseased periodontal and peri-implant tissues. However, the expression of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors did not differ between the different periodontal statuses.