| Summary: | A cross-sectional study with 27,821 records of non-institutionalized people in Spain aged between 50−69 years old (59.94 ± 5.8 years), who participated in the European Health Survey in Spain (2009, 2014) and National Health Survey (2011/12, 2017). Fecal occult testing, the reason for performing the test, age, sex, nationality, social status, marital status, education level, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence. Overall, 54% were women, 93.9% were Spanish, 47.8% had a secondary study, and 66.4% were married. Across the years, the rate of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This increase can be accounted for a letter campaign advising testing (45%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). FOBT was associated with more age (odds ratio—OR 1.04, 95% confidence interval—CI 1.04−1.05, <i>p</i> < 0.001), Spanish nationality (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.25−2.93, <i>p</i> = 0.003), being married (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02−1.25, <i>p</i> = 0.025), having a higher level of education (OR 2.46, 95% CI 2.17−2.81, <i>p</i> < 0.001), belonging to high social classes (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12−1.64, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and BMI <25 (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25−2.37). Frequency of FOBT has increased in recent years. Performing FOBT is associated with age, nationality, marital status, higher education level, and social class.
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