| Summary: | Dengue manifestations range from a mild form, dengue fever (DF), to more severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The ability of the host to present one of these clinical forms could be related to polymorphisms located in genes of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which activate the pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, the genotyping of single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) in <i>TLR3</i> (rs3775291 and rs6552950), <i>TLR4</i> (rs2737190, rs10759932, rs4986790, rs4986791, rs11536865, and rs10983755), <i>TLR7</i> (rs179008 and rs3853839), and <i>TLR8</i> (rs3764880, rs5741883, rs4830805, and rs1548731) was carried out in non-genetically related DHF patients, DF patients, and general population (GP) subjects. The SNPs were analyzed by real-time PCR by genotyping assays from Applied Biosystems<sup>®</sup>. The codominance model showed that dengue patients had a lower probability of presenting the <i>TLR4</i>-rs2737190-G/G genotype (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 0.34 (0.14–0.8), <i>p</i> = 0.038). Dengue patients showed a lower probability of presenting <i>TLR4</i>-rs11536865-G/C genotype (OR (95% CI) = 0.19 (0.05–0.73), <i>p </i>= 0.0092) and had a high probability of presenting the TACG haplotype, but lower probability of presenting the TGCG haplotype in the <i>TLR4</i> compared to GP individuals (OR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.35–0.86), <i>p</i> = 0.0084). In conclusion, the <i>TLR4</i>-rs2737190-G/G and <i>TLR4</i>-rs11536865-G/C genotypes and TGCG haplotype were associated with protection from dengue.
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