Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing profound health, economic, and social problems worldwide. Management of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its potential limited availability have created concerns about the increased risks for healthcare profes...

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Main Authors: Bernardino Clavo, Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús, Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón, Sara E. Cazorla-Rivero, Omar García-Pérez, José E. Piñero, Jesús Villar, Angeles Blanco, Cristina Torres-Ascensión, José L. Martín-Barrasa, Jesús M. González-Martin, Pedro Serrano-Aguilar, Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-12-01
Series:Antioxidants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/12/1222
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spelling doaj-82b475298325497294ca2831ffbff3e02020-12-04T00:02:36ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212020-12-0191222122210.3390/antiox9121222Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2Bernardino Clavo0Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús1Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón2Sara E. Cazorla-Rivero3Omar García-Pérez4José E. Piñero5Jesús Villar6Angeles Blanco7Cristina Torres-Ascensión8José L. Martín-Barrasa9Jesús M. González-Martin10Pedro Serrano-Aguilar11Jacob Lorenzo-Morales12Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, SpainResearch Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, SpainResearch Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainChemical Engineering & Materials Department, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, SpainResearch Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainResearch Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainResearch Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainRETIC de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, SpainBackground: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing profound health, economic, and social problems worldwide. Management of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its potential limited availability have created concerns about the increased risks for healthcare professionals at hospitals and nursing homes. Ozone is a powerful oxidant agent. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of ozone treatment on PPE contaminated with SARS-CoV-2, and to explore whether relative humidity could modify those effects. Methods: PPE contaminated by heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 were treated with different ozone concentrations, exposure times, and relative humidity conditions. SARS-CoV-2 gene amplification was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was no amplification of SARS-CoV-2 in PPE after the following ozone exposures: 30 s at 10,000 ppm (20 g/m<sup>3</sup>), 5 min at 4000 ppm, and 10 min at 2000 ppm. At lower ozone concentrations, 4–12 ppm (0.008–0.024 g/m<sup>3</sup>), the effects were highly dependent on the relative humidity conditions. Conclusions: Oxidative stress induced by ozone exposure eliminated heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in different PPE components under appropriate exposure times, ozone concentrations, and relative humidity conditions. These findings could have implications in decreasing the risk of contamination associated with personal protective equipment management and in increasing its availability. Further research in the original SARS-CoV-2 strain is guaranteed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/12/1222COVID-19decontaminationpersonal protective equipmentoxidative stressozone treatmentreactive oxygen species
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Bernardino Clavo
Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús
Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón
Sara E. Cazorla-Rivero
Omar García-Pérez
José E. Piñero
Jesús Villar
Angeles Blanco
Cristina Torres-Ascensión
José L. Martín-Barrasa
Jesús M. González-Martin
Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
spellingShingle Bernardino Clavo
Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús
Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón
Sara E. Cazorla-Rivero
Omar García-Pérez
José E. Piñero
Jesús Villar
Angeles Blanco
Cristina Torres-Ascensión
José L. Martín-Barrasa
Jesús M. González-Martin
Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2
Antioxidants
COVID-19
decontamination
personal protective equipment
oxidative stress
ozone treatment
reactive oxygen species
author_facet Bernardino Clavo
Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús
Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón
Sara E. Cazorla-Rivero
Omar García-Pérez
José E. Piñero
Jesús Villar
Angeles Blanco
Cristina Torres-Ascensión
José L. Martín-Barrasa
Jesús M. González-Martin
Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
author_sort Bernardino Clavo
title Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2
title_short Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2
title_full Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2
title_fullStr Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Ozone Treatment on Personal Protective Equipment Contaminated with SARS-CoV-2
title_sort effects of ozone treatment on personal protective equipment contaminated with sars-cov-2
publisher MDPI AG
series Antioxidants
issn 2076-3921
publishDate 2020-12-01
description Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing profound health, economic, and social problems worldwide. Management of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its potential limited availability have created concerns about the increased risks for healthcare professionals at hospitals and nursing homes. Ozone is a powerful oxidant agent. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of ozone treatment on PPE contaminated with SARS-CoV-2, and to explore whether relative humidity could modify those effects. Methods: PPE contaminated by heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 were treated with different ozone concentrations, exposure times, and relative humidity conditions. SARS-CoV-2 gene amplification was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was no amplification of SARS-CoV-2 in PPE after the following ozone exposures: 30 s at 10,000 ppm (20 g/m<sup>3</sup>), 5 min at 4000 ppm, and 10 min at 2000 ppm. At lower ozone concentrations, 4–12 ppm (0.008–0.024 g/m<sup>3</sup>), the effects were highly dependent on the relative humidity conditions. Conclusions: Oxidative stress induced by ozone exposure eliminated heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in different PPE components under appropriate exposure times, ozone concentrations, and relative humidity conditions. These findings could have implications in decreasing the risk of contamination associated with personal protective equipment management and in increasing its availability. Further research in the original SARS-CoV-2 strain is guaranteed.
topic COVID-19
decontamination
personal protective equipment
oxidative stress
ozone treatment
reactive oxygen species
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/12/1222
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