An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms

Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have recommended lithium to be the treatment of choice for acute manic, mixed and depressive episodes of BD, along with long-term pr...

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Main Authors:	Eunsoo Won, Yong-Ku Kim
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2017-12-01
Series:	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:	lithium bipolar disorder therapeutic mechanism
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/12/2679

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spelling	doaj-822258e69c0b44a091db3b16528997a62020-11-24T23:43:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672017-12-011812267910.3390/ijms18122679ijms18122679An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic MechanismsEunsoo Won0Yong-Ku Kim1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaLithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have recommended lithium to be the treatment of choice for acute manic, mixed and depressive episodes of BD, along with long-term prophylaxis. Lithium’s specific mechanism of action in mood regulation is progressively being clarified, such as the direct inhibition on glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and its various effects on neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, oxidative metabolism, apoptosis, second messenger systems, and biological systems are also being revealed. Furthermore, lithium has been proposed to exert its treatment effects through mechanisms associated with neuronal plasticity. In this review, we have overviewed the clinical aspects of lithium use for BD, and have focused on the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of lithium.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/12/2679lithiumbipolar disordertherapeutic mechanism
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Eunsoo Won Yong-Ku Kim
spellingShingle	Eunsoo Won Yong-Ku Kim An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms International Journal of Molecular Sciences lithium bipolar disorder therapeutic mechanism
author_facet	Eunsoo Won Yong-Ku Kim
author_sort	Eunsoo Won
title	An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms
title_short	An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms
title_full	An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms
title_fullStr	An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed	An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms
title_sort	oldie but goodie: lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder through neuroprotective and neurotrophic mechanisms
publisher	MDPI AG
series	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn	1422-0067
publishDate	2017-12-01
description	Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have recommended lithium to be the treatment of choice for acute manic, mixed and depressive episodes of BD, along with long-term prophylaxis. Lithium’s specific mechanism of action in mood regulation is progressively being clarified, such as the direct inhibition on glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and its various effects on neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, oxidative metabolism, apoptosis, second messenger systems, and biological systems are also being revealed. Furthermore, lithium has been proposed to exert its treatment effects through mechanisms associated with neuronal plasticity. In this review, we have overviewed the clinical aspects of lithium use for BD, and have focused on the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of lithium.
topic	lithium bipolar disorder therapeutic mechanism
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/12/2679
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An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms

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