Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis

Through much of the history of metabolism, lactate (La-) has been considered merely a deadend waste product during periods of dysoxia. Congruently, the end product of glycolysis has been viewed dichotomously: pyruvate in the presence of adequate oxygenation, La- in the absence of adequate oxygenati...

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Main Authors: Matthew J Rogatzki, Brian S Ferguson, Matthew Lawrence Goodwin, L. Bruce Gladden
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00022/full
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spelling doaj-81d4227c493f4e3da8d3322cd99ee20d2020-11-24T21:00:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2015-02-01910.3389/fnins.2015.00022125097Lactate is always the end product of glycolysisMatthew J Rogatzki0Brian S Ferguson1Matthew Lawrence Goodwin2L. Bruce Gladden3University of Wisconsin-PlattevilleUniversity of MissouriUniversity of UtahAuburn UniversityThrough much of the history of metabolism, lactate (La-) has been considered merely a deadend waste product during periods of dysoxia. Congruently, the end product of glycolysis has been viewed dichotomously: pyruvate in the presence of adequate oxygenation, La- in the absence of adequate oxygenation. In contrast, given the near-equilibrium nature of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and that LDH has a much higher activity than the putative regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic and oxidative pathways, we contend that La- is always the end product of glycolysis. Cellular La- accumulation, as opposed to flux, is dependent on 1) the rate of glycolysis, 2) oxidative enzyme activity, 3) cellular O2 level, and 4) the net rate of La- transport into (influx) or out of (efflux) the cell. For intracellular metabolism, we reintroduce the Cytosol-to-Mitochondria Lactate Shuttle. Our proposition, analogous to the phosphocreatine shuttle, purports that pyruvate, NAD+, NADH, and La- are held uniformly near equilibrium throughout the cell cytosol due to the high activity of LDH. La- is always the end product of glycolysis and represents the primary diffusing species capable of spatially linking glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00022/fullMitochondriapyruvateanaerobicNADHLactate dehydrogenaseAerobic
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Matthew J Rogatzki
Brian S Ferguson
Matthew Lawrence Goodwin
L. Bruce Gladden
spellingShingle Matthew J Rogatzki
Brian S Ferguson
Matthew Lawrence Goodwin
L. Bruce Gladden
Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
Frontiers in Neuroscience
Mitochondria
pyruvate
anaerobic
NADH
Lactate dehydrogenase
Aerobic
author_facet Matthew J Rogatzki
Brian S Ferguson
Matthew Lawrence Goodwin
L. Bruce Gladden
author_sort Matthew J Rogatzki
title Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
title_short Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
title_full Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
title_fullStr Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
title_full_unstemmed Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
title_sort lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Neuroscience
issn 1662-453X
publishDate 2015-02-01
description Through much of the history of metabolism, lactate (La-) has been considered merely a deadend waste product during periods of dysoxia. Congruently, the end product of glycolysis has been viewed dichotomously: pyruvate in the presence of adequate oxygenation, La- in the absence of adequate oxygenation. In contrast, given the near-equilibrium nature of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and that LDH has a much higher activity than the putative regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic and oxidative pathways, we contend that La- is always the end product of glycolysis. Cellular La- accumulation, as opposed to flux, is dependent on 1) the rate of glycolysis, 2) oxidative enzyme activity, 3) cellular O2 level, and 4) the net rate of La- transport into (influx) or out of (efflux) the cell. For intracellular metabolism, we reintroduce the Cytosol-to-Mitochondria Lactate Shuttle. Our proposition, analogous to the phosphocreatine shuttle, purports that pyruvate, NAD+, NADH, and La- are held uniformly near equilibrium throughout the cell cytosol due to the high activity of LDH. La- is always the end product of glycolysis and represents the primary diffusing species capable of spatially linking glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.
topic Mitochondria
pyruvate
anaerobic
NADH
Lactate dehydrogenase
Aerobic
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00022/full
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