Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
Through much of the history of metabolism, lactate (La-) has been considered merely a deadend waste product during periods of dysoxia. Congruently, the end product of glycolysis has been viewed dichotomously: pyruvate in the presence of adequate oxygenation, La- in the absence of adequate oxygenati...
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doaj-81d4227c493f4e3da8d3322cd99ee20d2020-11-24T21:00:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2015-02-01910.3389/fnins.2015.00022125097Lactate is always the end product of glycolysisMatthew J Rogatzki0Brian S Ferguson1Matthew Lawrence Goodwin2L. Bruce Gladden3University of Wisconsin-PlattevilleUniversity of MissouriUniversity of UtahAuburn UniversityThrough much of the history of metabolism, lactate (La-) has been considered merely a deadend waste product during periods of dysoxia. Congruently, the end product of glycolysis has been viewed dichotomously: pyruvate in the presence of adequate oxygenation, La- in the absence of adequate oxygenation. In contrast, given the near-equilibrium nature of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and that LDH has a much higher activity than the putative regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic and oxidative pathways, we contend that La- is always the end product of glycolysis. Cellular La- accumulation, as opposed to flux, is dependent on 1) the rate of glycolysis, 2) oxidative enzyme activity, 3) cellular O2 level, and 4) the net rate of La- transport into (influx) or out of (efflux) the cell. For intracellular metabolism, we reintroduce the Cytosol-to-Mitochondria Lactate Shuttle. Our proposition, analogous to the phosphocreatine shuttle, purports that pyruvate, NAD+, NADH, and La- are held uniformly near equilibrium throughout the cell cytosol due to the high activity of LDH. La- is always the end product of glycolysis and represents the primary diffusing species capable of spatially linking glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00022/fullMitochondriapyruvateanaerobicNADHLactate dehydrogenaseAerobic |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Matthew J Rogatzki Brian S Ferguson Matthew Lawrence Goodwin L. Bruce Gladden |
spellingShingle |
Matthew J Rogatzki Brian S Ferguson Matthew Lawrence Goodwin L. Bruce Gladden Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis Frontiers in Neuroscience Mitochondria pyruvate anaerobic NADH Lactate dehydrogenase Aerobic |
author_facet |
Matthew J Rogatzki Brian S Ferguson Matthew Lawrence Goodwin L. Bruce Gladden |
author_sort |
Matthew J Rogatzki |
title |
Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis |
title_short |
Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis |
title_full |
Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis |
title_fullStr |
Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis |
title_sort |
lactate is always the end product of glycolysis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-453X |
publishDate |
2015-02-01 |
description |
Through much of the history of metabolism, lactate (La-) has been considered merely a deadend waste product during periods of dysoxia. Congruently, the end product of glycolysis has been viewed dichotomously: pyruvate in the presence of adequate oxygenation, La- in the absence of adequate oxygenation. In contrast, given the near-equilibrium nature of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and that LDH has a much higher activity than the putative regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic and oxidative pathways, we contend that La- is always the end product of glycolysis. Cellular La- accumulation, as opposed to flux, is dependent on 1) the rate of glycolysis, 2) oxidative enzyme activity, 3) cellular O2 level, and 4) the net rate of La- transport into (influx) or out of (efflux) the cell. For intracellular metabolism, we reintroduce the Cytosol-to-Mitochondria Lactate Shuttle. Our proposition, analogous to the phosphocreatine shuttle, purports that pyruvate, NAD+, NADH, and La- are held uniformly near equilibrium throughout the cell cytosol due to the high activity of LDH. La- is always the end product of glycolysis and represents the primary diffusing species capable of spatially linking glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. |
topic |
Mitochondria pyruvate anaerobic NADH Lactate dehydrogenase Aerobic |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2015.00022/full |
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