Muscle Plasticity and β2-Adrenergic Receptors: Adaptive Responses of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression to Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy
We discuss the functional roles of β2-adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy as well as the adaptive responses of β2-adrenergic receptor expression to anabolic and catabolic conditions. β2-Adrenergic receptor stimulation using...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2011-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/729598 |
| Summary: | We discuss the functional roles of β2-adrenergic receptors in skeletal
muscle hypertrophy and atrophy as well as
the adaptive responses of β2-adrenergic receptor expression to anabolic and catabolic conditions. β2-Adrenergic receptor stimulation using
anabolic drugs increases muscle mass by promoting
muscle protein synthesis and/or attenuating
protein degradation. These effects are prevented
by the downregulation of the receptor. Endurance
training improves oxidative performance partly
by increasing β2-adrenergic receptor density in
exercise-recruited slow-twitch muscles. However,
excessive stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors negates their beneficial effects. Although the preventive effects of β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation on
atrophy induced by muscle disuse and catabolic
hormones or drugs are observed, these catabolic
conditions decrease β2-adrenergic receptor expression in
slow-twitch muscles. These findings present
evidence against the use of β2-adrenergic agonists in therapy for muscle wasting and weakness. Thus, β2-adrenergic receptors in the skeletal
muscles play an important physiological role in
the regulation of protein and energy balance. |
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| ISSN: | 1110-7243 1110-7251 |