Premotor Parkinson's disease: Overview of clinical symptoms and current diagnostic methods
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Biomedical Papers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://biomed.papers.upol.cz/artkey/bio-202102-0001_premotor-parkinson-s-disease-overview-of-clinical-symptoms-and-current-diagnostic-methods.php |
| Summary: | Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic methods for these symptoms. We also briefly summarize neuroimaging, polyneuropathy, peripheral markers, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that may be used in the early diagnosis of PD. |
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| ISSN: | 1213-8118 1804-7521 |