The generating methods of transgenic chickens and its potential application in biotechnology

• Main Author: Mohammadreza Nasiri
• Format: Article
• Language: fas
• Published: Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman 2010-11-01
• Series: مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
• Subjects: transgenic chickens; gene transfer; genetic manipulation; pluripotent cells; viral vectors and stem cells
• Online Access: https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_379_c98192903815e3b1184df5ff6668c859.pdf

During the last decades, potential of genetic modifications at the molecular level has created great revolution in biology. Transgenic technology has provided the possibility of connection between different techniques in field of embryology, cellular biology and molecular genetics. Nowadays, transgenic chicken are used as efficient research tools in many institutions. So, many researchers believe that before any research in the field of genetic manipulation, these methods should be optimized. Regarding to the remarkable progress of biotechnology, direct manipulation of chicken embryo by DNA or viral vectors is possible but generally, using this methods can not create a specific site and target genes for genetic manipulation. To fix this problem, recently, many scientists have proposed and improved different methods to generate transgenic chickens based on Blastodermal cells (BDCs), Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Primordial germ cells (PGCs) and Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). By the way, recently the complicated system for the isolation, expansion, transfection, selection and re-expansion embryonic stem cell cultures and the subsequent production of high-grade somatic chimeras was improved and their results were published in scientific papers. In recent years, the results of several studies have shown testicular culture method from spermatogonial somatic cells (SSCs) is the newest, easiest and most efficient method of transgenic chicken generation. This method has been used biological process of sperm production and SSCs as inducer in transgenic chicken. Although, use of the viral systems can be lead to gene transfer with high efficiency, but the safety issues limited its practical applications. Nowadays, the methods of chimeras germ cells production and pluripotent stem cells manipulation are combined and used to generate transgenic birds. This review has attempted to describe the most important methods of generating transgenic chickens, the methods of gene transfer and also the application of transgenic chickens as bioreactor in biology.