Evaluation of Physiological Parameters and Effectiveness of an Immobilization Protocol Using Etorphine, Azaperone, and Butorphanol in Free-Ranging Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus)

Evaluation of Physiological Parameters and Effectiveness of an Immobilization Protocol Using Etorphine, Azaperone, and Butorphanol in Free-Ranging Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus)

Twenty free-ranging warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, were immobilized with a combination of etorphine (0.039 ± 0.005 mg/kg) and azaperone (0.44 ± 0.06 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly by dart. Butorphanol (1 mg per mg etorphine) was administered intrave...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Donald Neiffer, Peter Buss, Jennie Hewlett, Guy Hausler, Leana Rossouw, Tebogo Manamela, Brittany Grenus, Emily Thulson, Francisco Olea-Popelka, Michele Miller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Subjects:
azaperone
butorphanol
etorphine
immobilization
Phacochoerus africanus
warthog
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2019.00402/full

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