Cholangiocarcinoma as an Indication for Liver Transplantation in the Era of Transplant Oncology

• Main Authors: Enrico Gringeri, Martina Gambato, Gonzalo Sapisochin, Tommy Ivanics, Erica Nicola Lynch, Claudia Mescoli, Patrizia Burra, Umberto Cillo, Francesco Paolo Russo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-05-01
• Series: Journal of Clinical Medicine
• Subjects: liver transplantation; cholangiocarcinoma; surgery
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1353
• ISSN: 2077-0383

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) arises from the biliary tract epithelium and accounts for 10–15% of all hepatobiliary malignancies. Depending on anatomic location, CCA is classified as intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA). The best treatment option for pCCA is liver resection and when a radical oncological surgery is obtained, 5-year survival rate are around 20–40%. In unresectable patients, following a specific protocol, liver transplantation (LT) for pCCA showed excellent long-term disease-free survival rates. Fewer data are available for iCCA in LT setting. Nevertheless, patients with very early unresectable iCCA appear to achieve excellent outcomes after LT. This review aims to evaluate existing evidence to define the current role of LT in the management of patients with CCA.