Novel Features and Considerations for ERA and Regulation of Crops Produced by Genome Editing

• Main Authors: Nina Duensing, Thorben Sprink, Wayne A. Parrott, Maria Fedorova, Martin A. Lema, Jeffrey D. Wolt, Detlef Bartsch
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-06-01
• Series: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
• Subjects: genome editing; environmental risk assessment (ERA); regulation; new breeding techniques (NBT); CRISPR/Cas; ISBR
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00079/full

Genome editing describes a variety of molecular biology applications enabling targeted and precise alterations of the genomes of plants, animals and microorganisms. These rapidly developing techniques are likely to revolutionize the breeding of new crop varieties. Since genome editing can lead to the development of plants that could also have come into existence naturally or by conventional breeding techniques, there are strong arguments that these cases should not be classified as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and be regulated no differently from conventionally bred crops. If a specific regulation would be regarded necessary, the application of genome editing for crop development may challenge risk assessment and post-market monitoring. In the session “Plant genome editing—any novel features to consider for ERA and regulation?” held at the 14th ISBGMO, scientists from various disciplines as well as regulators, risk assessors and potential users of the new technologies were brought together for a knowledge-based discussion to identify knowledge gaps and analyze scenarios for the introduction of genome-edited crops into the environment. It was aimed to enable an open exchange forum on the regulatory approaches, ethical aspects and decision-making considerations.