| Summary: | Cheng Wang,1,2,* Jianhua Wang,1,* Wenjing Cui,1,* Yongkang Liu,1 Hao Zhou,1 Yajie Wang,1 Xin Chen,1 Xiao Chen,1 Zhongqiu Wang1 1Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhongqiu Wang; Xiao ChenDepartment of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8613905162963; +8613816957732Fax +862586619843Email zhq2001us@163.com; chxwin@163.comBackground: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and it is urgent to find biomarkers for early detection of PDAC. Exosomal miRNAs are useful biomarkers for cancer detection. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential role of serum exosomal miRNA in detection of PDAC and to analyze the correlation between the levels of exosome miRNA and the tumor biological behaviors.Materials and Methods: Thirteen serum samples were collected from five patients with PDACs, three healthy individuals (HIs) and five benign pancreatic lesions (BP) for a high throughput profiling analysis to identify an altered miRNA expression patterns in PDAC. Candidate exosomal miRNAs were filtered based on a second independent cohort that included 17 PDACs and 12 benign pancreatic lesions by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Four miRNAs were selected for miRNA validation as PDAC biomarkers in a subsequent set of samples. The association between candidate exosomal miRNA and tumor behavior (tumor invasion or metastases) was evaluated in 17 PDACs. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the role of candidate exosomal miRNA on cell viability, apoptosis and cell migration in two PDAC cell lines.Results: The expression of 11 miRNAs showed same trend between PDAC and BP, and between PDAC and HIs. Six of them were upregulated (miR-203b-5p, miR-342-5p, miR-337-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-877-5p, miR-203a-3p), and five were downregulated (miR-1226-3p, miR-3182, miR-625-3p, miR-624-5p, miR-664a-5p). miR-1226-3p was selected as the candidate exosomal biomarker for the PDAC detection. The expression of serum exosomal miRNA-1226-3p was downregulated in PDACs compared to the BPs (p = 0.025). miR-1226-3p had acceptable performance in predicting [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.74] PDAC. Exosomal miRNA-1226-3p level in PDAC with invasion or metastases was lower than that without invasion or metastases (p = 0.028). Transfection of miRNA-1226-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation of PANC-1 and BXP-3 cells, stimulated cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration.Conclusion: Serum exosomal miRNA-1226-3p is a potential biomarker in diagnosing and predicting the tumor invasion or metastases of PDAC.Keywords: exosome, miRNA, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, miRNA-1226-3p
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