Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from intergenic and intronic regions of the human genome constitute a broad class of cellular transcripts that are under intensive investigation. While only a handful of lncRNAs have been characterized, their involvement in fundamental cellular processes tha...

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Main Authors: Eduardo M Reis, Sergio eVerjovski-Almeida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2012-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Genetics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2012.00032/full
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spelling doaj-79b356d36d3543038daca8a36d9737b32020-11-24T21:01:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212012-03-01310.3389/fgene.2012.0003221286Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapyEduardo M Reis0Sergio eVerjovski-Almeida1Universidade de Sao PauloUniversidade de Sao PauloLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from intergenic and intronic regions of the human genome constitute a broad class of cellular transcripts that are under intensive investigation. While only a handful of lncRNAs have been characterized, their involvement in fundamental cellular processes that control gene expression highlight a central role in cell homeostasis. Not surprisingly, aberrant expression of regulatory lncRNAs has been increasingly documented in different types of cancer, where they can mediate both oncogenic or tumor suppressor effects. Interaction with chromatin remodeling complexes that promote silencing of specific genes seems to be a general mode of lncRNA regulation, but it is conceivable that additional mechanisms of action are yet to be unveiled. LncRNAs show greater tissue specificity compared to protein-coding mRNAs making them attractive in the search of novel diagnostics/prognostics cancer biomarkers in body fluid samples. In fact, lncRNA PCA3 can be detected in urine samples and has been shown to improve diagnosis of prostate cancer. Identification of regulatory regions controlling the expression of lncRNAs highly expressed in tumors (e.g. lncRNA H19) holds potential to the development of targeted cancer therapies based on vectors carrying toxin genes under control of tumor-specific promoters. Annotation and functional characterization of the lncRNA complement of the cancer transcriptome will conceivably provide new venues for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2012.00032/fullGene ExpressionCancerMolecular markersnoncoding RNAslncRNAs
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Eduardo M Reis
Sergio eVerjovski-Almeida
spellingShingle Eduardo M Reis
Sergio eVerjovski-Almeida
Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy
Frontiers in Genetics
Gene Expression
Cancer
Molecular markers
noncoding RNAs
lncRNAs
author_facet Eduardo M Reis
Sergio eVerjovski-Almeida
author_sort Eduardo M Reis
title Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy
title_short Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy
title_full Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy
title_fullStr Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy
title_full_unstemmed Perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy
title_sort perspectives of long noncoding rnas in cancer diagnostics and therapy
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Genetics
issn 1664-8021
publishDate 2012-03-01
description Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from intergenic and intronic regions of the human genome constitute a broad class of cellular transcripts that are under intensive investigation. While only a handful of lncRNAs have been characterized, their involvement in fundamental cellular processes that control gene expression highlight a central role in cell homeostasis. Not surprisingly, aberrant expression of regulatory lncRNAs has been increasingly documented in different types of cancer, where they can mediate both oncogenic or tumor suppressor effects. Interaction with chromatin remodeling complexes that promote silencing of specific genes seems to be a general mode of lncRNA regulation, but it is conceivable that additional mechanisms of action are yet to be unveiled. LncRNAs show greater tissue specificity compared to protein-coding mRNAs making them attractive in the search of novel diagnostics/prognostics cancer biomarkers in body fluid samples. In fact, lncRNA PCA3 can be detected in urine samples and has been shown to improve diagnosis of prostate cancer. Identification of regulatory regions controlling the expression of lncRNAs highly expressed in tumors (e.g. lncRNA H19) holds potential to the development of targeted cancer therapies based on vectors carrying toxin genes under control of tumor-specific promoters. Annotation and functional characterization of the lncRNA complement of the cancer transcriptome will conceivably provide new venues for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
topic Gene Expression
Cancer
Molecular markers
noncoding RNAs
lncRNAs
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2012.00032/full
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