Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In Vivo

Microglia-induced maladaptive plasticity is being recognized as a major cause of deleterious self-sustaining pathological processes that occur in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Microglia, the primary homeostatic guardian of the central nervous system, exert critical functions both...

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Main Authors: Stefano Morara, Anna Maria Colangelo, Luciano Provini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Limited 2015-01-01
Series:Neural Plasticity
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/135342
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spelling doaj-7969967bb75348fbb66da329b50218862020-11-24T22:07:40ZengHindawi LimitedNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432015-01-01201510.1155/2015/135342135342Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In VivoStefano Morara0Anna Maria Colangelo1Luciano Provini2Neuroscience Institute (CNR), Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, ItalyLaboratory of Neuroscience “R. Levi-Montalcini”, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, ItalyDepartment of BIOMETRA, University of Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, ItalyMicroglia-induced maladaptive plasticity is being recognized as a major cause of deleterious self-sustaining pathological processes that occur in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Microglia, the primary homeostatic guardian of the central nervous system, exert critical functions both during development, in neural circuit reshaping, and during adult life, in the brain physiological and pathological surveillance. This delicate critical role can be disrupted by neural, but also peripheral, noxious stimuli that can prime microglia to become overreactive to a second noxious stimulus or worsen underlying pathological processes. Among regulators of microglia, neuropeptides can play a major role. Their receptors are widely expressed in microglial cells and neuropeptide challenge can potently influence microglial activity in vitro. More relevantly, this regulator activity has been assessed also in vivo, in experimental models of brain diseases. Neuropeptide action in the central nervous system has been associated with beneficial effects in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathological experimental models. This review describes some of the mechanisms of the microglia maladaptive plasticity in vivo and how neuropeptide activity can represent a useful therapeutical target in a variety of human brain pathologies.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/135342
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Stefano Morara
Anna Maria Colangelo
Luciano Provini
spellingShingle Stefano Morara
Anna Maria Colangelo
Luciano Provini
Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In Vivo
Neural Plasticity
author_facet Stefano Morara
Anna Maria Colangelo
Luciano Provini
author_sort Stefano Morara
title Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In Vivo
title_short Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In Vivo
title_full Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In Vivo
title_fullStr Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In Vivo
title_full_unstemmed Microglia-Induced Maladaptive Plasticity Can Be Modulated by Neuropeptides In Vivo
title_sort microglia-induced maladaptive plasticity can be modulated by neuropeptides in vivo
publisher Hindawi Limited
series Neural Plasticity
issn 2090-5904
1687-5443
publishDate 2015-01-01
description Microglia-induced maladaptive plasticity is being recognized as a major cause of deleterious self-sustaining pathological processes that occur in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Microglia, the primary homeostatic guardian of the central nervous system, exert critical functions both during development, in neural circuit reshaping, and during adult life, in the brain physiological and pathological surveillance. This delicate critical role can be disrupted by neural, but also peripheral, noxious stimuli that can prime microglia to become overreactive to a second noxious stimulus or worsen underlying pathological processes. Among regulators of microglia, neuropeptides can play a major role. Their receptors are widely expressed in microglial cells and neuropeptide challenge can potently influence microglial activity in vitro. More relevantly, this regulator activity has been assessed also in vivo, in experimental models of brain diseases. Neuropeptide action in the central nervous system has been associated with beneficial effects in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathological experimental models. This review describes some of the mechanisms of the microglia maladaptive plasticity in vivo and how neuropeptide activity can represent a useful therapeutical target in a variety of human brain pathologies.
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/135342
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