Unraveling the concepts of distress, burnout, and depression in type 1 diabetes: A scoping review

• Main Authors: Dona A. Kiriella, Sumaiya Islam, Olutobi Oridota, Nancy Sohler, Coralie Dessenne, Carine de Beaufort, Guy Fagherazzi, Gloria A. Aguayo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-10-01
• Series: EClinicalMedicine
• Subjects: Type 1 diabetes; Depression; Diabetes distress; Fear of hypoglicaemia; Diabetes burnout; Exhaustion
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537021003989

Background: Psychological complications are frequent in type 1 diabetes (T1D) but they might be difficult to distinguish one from the other in clinical practice. Our objective was to study the distinguishing characteristics, overlaps and their use in the literature between three concepts of T1D: depression, diabetes distress (DD) and diabetes burnout (DB). Methods: A scoping review (PRISMA guidelines) performed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Web of Science) with the keywords: T1D, depression, diabetes and burnout, from January 1990 to June 2021. We selected original studies with participants with T1D, which reported depression, DD, or DB. We extracted information about the concepts, their sub-concepts and screening tools. Findings: Of the 4763 studies identified, 201 studies were included in the study. Seventy-three percent, 57% and 45% of sub-concepts do not overlap in depression, DD, and DB, respectively. We observed overlap between depression (27%)/DD (27%) and between DD (20%)/DB (50%). Interpretation: A number of sub-concepts distinguish depression and DD. Overlaps between concepts suggest that a more precise definition is still lacking. DB is still a relatively new concept and more research is needed to better understand how it can present itself differently, in order to personalize care in comparison to those having DD.