Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?

Introduction: Infection remains a major complication among heart transplant (HT) recipients, causing approximately 20% of deaths in the first year after transplantation. In this population, Aspergillus species can have various clinical presentations including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA),...

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Main Authors: Eduardo Flores-Umanzor, Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda, Margarida Pujol-Lopez, Pedro Cepas-Guillen, Andrea Fernandez-Valledor, Guillen Caldentey, Marta Farrero, Ana García, Marta Sitges, Felix Perez-Villa, Asunción Moreno, Rut Andrea, María A. Castel Md
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-01-01
Series:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255120304625
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language English
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author Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda
Margarida Pujol-Lopez
Pedro Cepas-Guillen
Andrea Fernandez-Valledor
Guillen Caldentey
Marta Farrero
Ana García
Marta Sitges
Felix Perez-Villa
Asunción Moreno
Rut Andrea
María A. Castel Md
spellingShingle Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda
Margarida Pujol-Lopez
Pedro Cepas-Guillen
Andrea Fernandez-Valledor
Guillen Caldentey
Marta Farrero
Ana García
Marta Sitges
Felix Perez-Villa
Asunción Moreno
Rut Andrea
María A. Castel Md
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Transplante cardíaco
Aspergilose pulmonar invasiva
Imunossupressão
author_facet Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda
Margarida Pujol-Lopez
Pedro Cepas-Guillen
Andrea Fernandez-Valledor
Guillen Caldentey
Marta Farrero
Ana García
Marta Sitges
Felix Perez-Villa
Asunción Moreno
Rut Andrea
María A. Castel Md
author_sort Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
title Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_short Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_full Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_fullStr Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_full_unstemmed Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_sort invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: is mortality decreasing?
publisher Elsevier
series Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
issn 0870-2551
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Introduction: Infection remains a major complication among heart transplant (HT) recipients, causing approximately 20% of deaths in the first year after transplantation. In this population, Aspergillus species can have various clinical presentations including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which has high mortality (53-78%). Aims: To establish the characteristics of IPA infection in HT recipients and their outcomes in our setting. Methods: Of 328 heart transplantations performed in our center between 1998 and 2016, five cases of IPA were identified. Patient medical records were examined and clinical variables were extracted. Results: All cases were male, with a mean age of 62 years. The most common indication for HT was nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Productive cough was reported as the main symptom. The imaging assessment was based on chest radiography and chest computed tomography. The most commonly reported radiological abnormality was multiple nodular opacities in both techniques. Bronchoscopy was performed in all patients and A. fumigatus was isolated in four cases on BAL culture. Treatment included amphotericin in four patients, subsequently changed to voriconazole in three patients, and posaconazole in one patient, with total treatment lasting an average of 12 months. Neutropenia was found in only one patient, renal failure was observed in two patients, and concurrent cytomegalovirus infection occurred in three patients. All patients survived after a mean follow-up of 18 months. Conclusions: IPA is a potentially lethal complication after HT. An early diagnosis and prompt initiation of aggressive treatment are the cornerstone for better survival. Resumo: Introdução: A infeção continua a ser a principal complicação dos doentes submetidos a transplante cardíaco (TC), originando aproximadamente 20% de mortalidade no primeiro ano pós transplante. Nesta população, a infeção Aspergillus pode causar diferentes quadros clínicos, incluindo a aspergilose pulmonar invasiva (API), com elevada mortalidade (53 a 78%). Objetivos: Estabelecer as características da infeção por API nos doentes de TC e apresentar os respetivos resultados do nosso centro. Métodos: De 328 transplantes cardíacos realizados no nosso centro entre 1998 e 2016, identificámos cinco casos de API. Os registos médicos dos doentes foram examinados e as variáveis clínicas foram analisadas Resultados: Todos os casos corresponderam a doentes do sexo masculino com a idade média de 62 anos. A indicação mais comum para TC foi a miocardiopatia dilatada não isquémica. A tosse produtiva foi registada como principal sintoma. A avaliação radiológica baseou-se na radiografia e na tomografia computorizada ao tórax. A alteração radiológica mais comum foi, em ambas as técnicas, o registo de densidades nodulares múltiplas. A broncoscopia foi realizada em todos os doentes e o aspergillus fumigatus foi isolado em quarto casos de cultura BAL. O tratamento incluiu anfotericina em quatro doentes com mudança subsequente para voriconazol em três doentes e posaconazol em um doente, duração média do tratamento total de 12 meses. A neutropenia foi observada apenas num doente, a insuficiência renal em dois doentes e a infeção por CMV concomitante ocorreu em três doentes. Todos os doentes sobreviveram após um seguimento médio até 18 meses. Conclusões: A API representa uma complicação potencialmente letal após TC. O diagnóstico precoce e a instituição também precoce de tratamento agressivo constituem a pedra angular para uma melhor sobrevivência.
topic Transplante cardíaco
Aspergilose pulmonar invasiva
Imunossupressão
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255120304625
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spelling doaj-78b257cc94584f6382d469b6f4b5b1082021-01-22T04:45:21ZengElsevierRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia0870-25512021-01-014015761Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?Eduardo Flores-Umanzor0Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda1Margarida Pujol-Lopez2Pedro Cepas-Guillen3Andrea Fernandez-Valledor4Guillen Caldentey5Marta Farrero6Ana García7Marta Sitges8Felix Perez-Villa9Asunción Moreno10Rut Andrea11María A. Castel Md12Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Corresponding author.Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Cardiologia, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, MexicoCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInfectious Disease Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainCardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainIntroduction: Infection remains a major complication among heart transplant (HT) recipients, causing approximately 20% of deaths in the first year after transplantation. In this population, Aspergillus species can have various clinical presentations including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which has high mortality (53-78%). Aims: To establish the characteristics of IPA infection in HT recipients and their outcomes in our setting. Methods: Of 328 heart transplantations performed in our center between 1998 and 2016, five cases of IPA were identified. Patient medical records were examined and clinical variables were extracted. Results: All cases were male, with a mean age of 62 years. The most common indication for HT was nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Productive cough was reported as the main symptom. The imaging assessment was based on chest radiography and chest computed tomography. The most commonly reported radiological abnormality was multiple nodular opacities in both techniques. Bronchoscopy was performed in all patients and A. fumigatus was isolated in four cases on BAL culture. Treatment included amphotericin in four patients, subsequently changed to voriconazole in three patients, and posaconazole in one patient, with total treatment lasting an average of 12 months. Neutropenia was found in only one patient, renal failure was observed in two patients, and concurrent cytomegalovirus infection occurred in three patients. All patients survived after a mean follow-up of 18 months. Conclusions: IPA is a potentially lethal complication after HT. An early diagnosis and prompt initiation of aggressive treatment are the cornerstone for better survival. Resumo: Introdução: A infeção continua a ser a principal complicação dos doentes submetidos a transplante cardíaco (TC), originando aproximadamente 20% de mortalidade no primeiro ano pós transplante. Nesta população, a infeção Aspergillus pode causar diferentes quadros clínicos, incluindo a aspergilose pulmonar invasiva (API), com elevada mortalidade (53 a 78%). Objetivos: Estabelecer as características da infeção por API nos doentes de TC e apresentar os respetivos resultados do nosso centro. Métodos: De 328 transplantes cardíacos realizados no nosso centro entre 1998 e 2016, identificámos cinco casos de API. Os registos médicos dos doentes foram examinados e as variáveis clínicas foram analisadas Resultados: Todos os casos corresponderam a doentes do sexo masculino com a idade média de 62 anos. A indicação mais comum para TC foi a miocardiopatia dilatada não isquémica. A tosse produtiva foi registada como principal sintoma. A avaliação radiológica baseou-se na radiografia e na tomografia computorizada ao tórax. A alteração radiológica mais comum foi, em ambas as técnicas, o registo de densidades nodulares múltiplas. A broncoscopia foi realizada em todos os doentes e o aspergillus fumigatus foi isolado em quarto casos de cultura BAL. O tratamento incluiu anfotericina em quatro doentes com mudança subsequente para voriconazol em três doentes e posaconazol em um doente, duração média do tratamento total de 12 meses. A neutropenia foi observada apenas num doente, a insuficiência renal em dois doentes e a infeção por CMV concomitante ocorreu em três doentes. Todos os doentes sobreviveram após um seguimento médio até 18 meses. Conclusões: A API representa uma complicação potencialmente letal após TC. O diagnóstico precoce e a instituição também precoce de tratamento agressivo constituem a pedra angular para uma melhor sobrevivência.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255120304625Transplante cardíacoAspergilose pulmonar invasivaImunossupressão