Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase

Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase

The possibility of identifying gunshot residue (GSR) particles produced by non-toxic primers containing only titanium and zinc is a very difficult task using SEM/EDX analysis employed in the analysis of GSR originating from primers containing lead, barium and antimony. However, Bauer et al. demonstr...

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Main Author: Felice Nunziata
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2019-06-01
Series:Defence Technology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914718304227
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spelling doaj-780097b0d3354683802459585b9511b72021-05-02T11:59:42ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Defence Technology2214-91472019-06-01153272275Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phaseFelice Nunziata0Professional Member of the Chartered Society of Forensic Science, ItalyThe possibility of identifying gunshot residue (GSR) particles produced by non-toxic primers containing only titanium and zinc is a very difficult task using SEM/EDX analysis employed in the analysis of GSR originating from primers containing lead, barium and antimony. However, Bauer et al. demonstrated that non-toxic (TiZn) primers form a TiZn2O4 spinel crystalline structure using SEM/EDX with EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction), whereas GSR originating from gadolinium-doped TiZn primers form a non-crystalline glass phase. Here, a possible explanation of these different phenomena is hypothesized. Keywords: GSR, Heavy metal free primers, Gadolinium, Glass phase, EBSD TKDhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914718304227
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Felice Nunziata
spellingShingle Felice Nunziata
Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase
Defence Technology
author_facet Felice Nunziata
author_sort Felice Nunziata
title Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase
title_short Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase
title_full Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase
title_fullStr Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase
title_full_unstemmed Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase
title_sort heavy metal free primers: polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of gsr glass phase
publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
series Defence Technology
issn 2214-9147
publishDate 2019-06-01
description The possibility of identifying gunshot residue (GSR) particles produced by non-toxic primers containing only titanium and zinc is a very difficult task using SEM/EDX analysis employed in the analysis of GSR originating from primers containing lead, barium and antimony. However, Bauer et al. demonstrated that non-toxic (TiZn) primers form a TiZn2O4 spinel crystalline structure using SEM/EDX with EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction), whereas GSR originating from gadolinium-doped TiZn primers form a non-crystalline glass phase. Here, a possible explanation of these different phenomena is hypothesized. Keywords: GSR, Heavy metal free primers, Gadolinium, Glass phase, EBSD TKD
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914718304227
work_keys_str_mv AT felicenunziata heavymetalfreeprimerspolymorphismofgadoliniumandtitaniuminthecontextofgsrglassphase
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