Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase

Heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase

The possibility of identifying gunshot residue (GSR) particles produced by non-toxic primers containing only titanium and zinc is a very difficult task using SEM/EDX analysis employed in the analysis of GSR originating from primers containing lead, barium and antimony. However, Bauer et al. demonstr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Felice Nunziata
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2019-06-01
Series:Defence Technology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914718304227
Description
Summary:The possibility of identifying gunshot residue (GSR) particles produced by non-toxic primers containing only titanium and zinc is a very difficult task using SEM/EDX analysis employed in the analysis of GSR originating from primers containing lead, barium and antimony. However, Bauer et al. demonstrated that non-toxic (TiZn) primers form a TiZn2O4 spinel crystalline structure using SEM/EDX with EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction), whereas GSR originating from gadolinium-doped TiZn primers form a non-crystalline glass phase. Here, a possible explanation of these different phenomena is hypothesized. Keywords: GSR, Heavy metal free primers, Gadolinium, Glass phase, EBSD TKD
ISSN:2214-9147

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