Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage
We consider device-to-device (D2D) communications in millimeter-wave (mm Wave) for the future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. While the mm Wave systems can support multiple D2D pairs simultaneously through beamforming with highly directional antenna arrays, the mm Wave channel is significan...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7939671 |
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doaj-774ba813e821451ba2f1c4b17fcaccce2020-11-24T22:25:08ZengHindawi LimitedInternational Journal of Antennas and Propagation1687-58691687-58772016-01-01201610.1155/2016/79396717939671Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with BlockageHaejoon Jung0In-Ho Lee1The Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of KoreaThe Department of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Republic of KoreaWe consider device-to-device (D2D) communications in millimeter-wave (mm Wave) for the future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. While the mm Wave systems can support multiple D2D pairs simultaneously through beamforming with highly directional antenna arrays, the mm Wave channel is significantly more susceptible to blockage compared to microwave; mm Wave channel studies indicate that if line-of-sight (LoS) paths are blocked, reliable mm Wave communications may not be achieved for high data-rate applications. Therefore, assuming that an outage occurs in the absence of the LoS path between two wireless devices by obstructions, we focus on connectivity of the mm Wave D2D networks. We consider two types of D2D communications: direct and indirect schemes. The connectivity performances of the two schemes are investigated in terms of (i) the probability to achieve a fully connected network PFC and (ii) the average number of reliably connected devices γ. Through analysis and simulation, we show that, as the network size increases, PFC and γ decrease. Also, PFC and γ decrease, when the blockage parameter increases. Moreover, simulation results indicate that the hybrid direct and indirect scheme can improve both PFC and γ up to about 35% compared to the nonhybrid scheme.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7939671 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Haejoon Jung In-Ho Lee |
spellingShingle |
Haejoon Jung In-Ho Lee Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
author_facet |
Haejoon Jung In-Ho Lee |
author_sort |
Haejoon Jung |
title |
Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage |
title_short |
Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage |
title_full |
Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage |
title_fullStr |
Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage |
title_full_unstemmed |
Connectivity Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Networks with Blockage |
title_sort |
connectivity analysis of millimeter-wave device-to-device networks with blockage |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
issn |
1687-5869 1687-5877 |
publishDate |
2016-01-01 |
description |
We consider device-to-device (D2D) communications in millimeter-wave (mm Wave) for the future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. While the mm Wave systems can support multiple D2D pairs simultaneously through beamforming with highly directional antenna arrays, the mm Wave channel is significantly more susceptible to blockage compared to microwave; mm Wave channel studies indicate that if line-of-sight (LoS) paths are blocked, reliable mm Wave communications may not be achieved for high data-rate applications. Therefore, assuming that an outage occurs in the absence of the LoS path between two wireless devices by obstructions, we focus on connectivity of the mm Wave D2D networks. We consider two types of D2D communications: direct and indirect schemes. The connectivity performances of the two schemes are investigated in terms of (i) the probability to achieve a fully connected network PFC and (ii) the average number of reliably connected devices γ. Through analysis and simulation, we show that, as the network size increases, PFC and γ decrease. Also, PFC and γ decrease, when the blockage parameter increases. Moreover, simulation results indicate that the hybrid direct and indirect scheme can improve both PFC and γ up to about 35% compared to the nonhybrid scheme. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7939671 |
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