Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
As an essential vitamin, the role of riboflavin in human diet and health is increasingly being highlighted. Insufficient dietary intake of riboflavin is often reported in nutritional surveys and population studies, even in non-developing countries with abundant sources of riboflavin-rich dietary pro...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/3847 |
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doaj-76653ba02a6a47df8efaae84106be4b02020-11-25T03:10:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-05-01213847384710.3390/ijms21113847Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of MetabolismSigne Mosegaard0Graziana Dipace1Peter Bross2Jasper Carlsen3Niels Gregersen4Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen5Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkAs an essential vitamin, the role of riboflavin in human diet and health is increasingly being highlighted. Insufficient dietary intake of riboflavin is often reported in nutritional surveys and population studies, even in non-developing countries with abundant sources of riboflavin-rich dietary products. A latent subclinical riboflavin deficiency can result in a significant clinical phenotype when combined with inborn genetic disturbances or environmental and physiological factors like infections, exercise, diet, aging and pregnancy. Riboflavin, and more importantly its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), play a crucial role in essential cellular processes including mitochondrial energy metabolism, stress responses, vitamin and cofactor biogenesis, where they function as cofactors to ensure the catalytic activity and folding/stability of flavoenzymes. Numerous inborn errors of flavin metabolism and flavoenzyme function have been described, and supplementation with riboflavin has in many cases been shown to be lifesaving or to mitigate symptoms. This review discusses the environmental, physiological and genetic factors that affect cellular riboflavin status. We describe the crucial role of riboflavin for general human health, and the clear benefits of riboflavin treatment in patients with inborn errors of metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/3847riboflavinriboflavin deficiencyenergy metabolismmitochondriafatty acid oxidationacyl-CoA dehydrogenases |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Signe Mosegaard Graziana Dipace Peter Bross Jasper Carlsen Niels Gregersen Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen |
| spellingShingle |
Signe Mosegaard Graziana Dipace Peter Bross Jasper Carlsen Niels Gregersen Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism International Journal of Molecular Sciences riboflavin riboflavin deficiency energy metabolism mitochondria fatty acid oxidation acyl-CoA dehydrogenases |
| author_facet |
Signe Mosegaard Graziana Dipace Peter Bross Jasper Carlsen Niels Gregersen Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen |
| author_sort |
Signe Mosegaard |
| title |
Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism |
| title_short |
Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism |
| title_full |
Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism |
| title_fullStr |
Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism |
| title_sort |
riboflavin deficiency—implications for general human health and inborn errors of metabolism |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
| description |
As an essential vitamin, the role of riboflavin in human diet and health is increasingly being highlighted. Insufficient dietary intake of riboflavin is often reported in nutritional surveys and population studies, even in non-developing countries with abundant sources of riboflavin-rich dietary products. A latent subclinical riboflavin deficiency can result in a significant clinical phenotype when combined with inborn genetic disturbances or environmental and physiological factors like infections, exercise, diet, aging and pregnancy. Riboflavin, and more importantly its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), play a crucial role in essential cellular processes including mitochondrial energy metabolism, stress responses, vitamin and cofactor biogenesis, where they function as cofactors to ensure the catalytic activity and folding/stability of flavoenzymes. Numerous inborn errors of flavin metabolism and flavoenzyme function have been described, and supplementation with riboflavin has in many cases been shown to be lifesaving or to mitigate symptoms. This review discusses the environmental, physiological and genetic factors that affect cellular riboflavin status. We describe the crucial role of riboflavin for general human health, and the clear benefits of riboflavin treatment in patients with inborn errors of metabolism. |
| topic |
riboflavin riboflavin deficiency energy metabolism mitochondria fatty acid oxidation acyl-CoA dehydrogenases |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/3847 |
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