Lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic predictors, and comorbidities of oppositional defiant disorder: the National Epidemiology of Iranian Child and Adolescent Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP)

• Main Authors: Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Maryam Salmanian, Zahra Hooshyari, Alia Shakiba, Seyyed Salman Alavi, Ameneh Ahmadi, Ali Khaleghi, Hadi Zarafshan, Seyed Ali Mostafavi, Anita Alaghmand, Parviz Molavi, Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei, Koorosh Kamali, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Hedayat Nazari, Nasrin Sarraf, Ahmad Ahmadipour, Firoozeh Derakhshanpour, Forough Riahi, Atieh Golbon, Maryam Kousha, Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi, Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki, Naser Hajian Motlagh, Houshang Amirian, Azizollah Mojahed, Arezou Kiani, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Reza Dastjerdi, Nastaran Ahmadi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)
• Series: Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry
• Subjects: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD); comorbidity; prevalence; Iran
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462019005014102&lng=en&tlng=en

Objective: This was the first national epidemiological study on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Iran, which provided new information about the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD. Methods: Data from a face-to-face household survey of 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were collected from across all 31 provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling design. The Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used in this study. Results: The lifetime prevalence of ODD was found to be 3.9%. ODD was significantly more common in boys than girls and appeared in late adolescence more frequently than in childhood. A lower prevalence of ODD was found among participants who lived in rural areas. ODD is highly likely to co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depressive disorders. Conclusions: The findings of this national population-based study confirm and extend previous findings on the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD.