Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland

Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pendula) are the major tree species grown in Finnish forest nurseries where 99% of the seedlings are grown in containers first in plastic-covered greenhouses and later outdoors. The main diseases on co...

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Main Authors: Lilja, Arja, Poteri, Marja, Petäistö, Raija-Liisa, Rikala, Risto, Kurkela, Timo, Kasanen, Risto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Finnish Society of Forest Science 2010-01-01
Series:Silva Fennica
Online Access:https://www.silvafennica.fi/article/147
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spelling doaj-74b590d7d55e4ddc88b6b496da99487f2020-11-25T03:00:29ZengFinnish Society of Forest ScienceSilva Fennica2242-40752010-01-0144310.14214/sf.147Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in FinlandLilja, ArjaPoteri, MarjaPetäistö, Raija-LiisaRikala, RistoKurkela, TimoKasanen, Risto Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pendula) are the major tree species grown in Finnish forest nurseries where 99% of the seedlings are grown in containers first in plastic-covered greenhouses and later outdoors. The main diseases on conifer seedlings are Scleroderris canker (Gremmeniella abietina), Sirococcus blight and cankers (Sirococcus conigenum), snow blights (Herpotrichia juniperi and Phacidium infestans) and needle casts (Lophodermium seditiosum and Meria laricis). Also grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and birch rust (Melampsoridium betulinum) are among the diseases to be controlled with fungicides. During last years Scleroderris canker has been a problem on Norway spruce, which has been since 2000 the most common species produced in Finnish nurseries. Root die-back (uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp.) on container-grown spruce and pine was a problem in the 1990s. Today the disease has become less common in modern nurseries due to improvements in hygiene and cultivation practice. Since 1991 stem lesions and top dying caused by Phytophthora cactorum has been a problem on birch. The ongoing climate change has already had effect on rusts and powdery mildews as well as other fungi infecting leaves. All diseases, which gain high precipitation and warm and long autumns. For same reasons winter stored seedlings need sprayings against grey mold. Fungal infections are also possible during short-day (SD) treatment, that is necessary for summer and autumn plantings and a beneficial step prior freezing temperatures outside or in freezer storage. Growers are encouraged to use cultural and integrated pest management techniques such as better nursery hygiene, including removing plant debris in nursery growing areas and hot water washing of containers plus removal of diseased, spore-producing seedlings and trees around the nursery.https://www.silvafennica.fi/article/147
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Lilja, Arja
Poteri, Marja
Petäistö, Raija-Liisa
Rikala, Risto
Kurkela, Timo
Kasanen, Risto
spellingShingle Lilja, Arja
Poteri, Marja
Petäistö, Raija-Liisa
Rikala, Risto
Kurkela, Timo
Kasanen, Risto
Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland
Silva Fennica
author_facet Lilja, Arja
Poteri, Marja
Petäistö, Raija-Liisa
Rikala, Risto
Kurkela, Timo
Kasanen, Risto
author_sort Lilja, Arja
title Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland
title_short Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland
title_full Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland
title_fullStr Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland
title_full_unstemmed Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland
title_sort fungal diseases in forest nurseries in finland
publisher Finnish Society of Forest Science
series Silva Fennica
issn 2242-4075
publishDate 2010-01-01
description Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pendula) are the major tree species grown in Finnish forest nurseries where 99% of the seedlings are grown in containers first in plastic-covered greenhouses and later outdoors. The main diseases on conifer seedlings are Scleroderris canker (Gremmeniella abietina), Sirococcus blight and cankers (Sirococcus conigenum), snow blights (Herpotrichia juniperi and Phacidium infestans) and needle casts (Lophodermium seditiosum and Meria laricis). Also grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and birch rust (Melampsoridium betulinum) are among the diseases to be controlled with fungicides. During last years Scleroderris canker has been a problem on Norway spruce, which has been since 2000 the most common species produced in Finnish nurseries. Root die-back (uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp.) on container-grown spruce and pine was a problem in the 1990s. Today the disease has become less common in modern nurseries due to improvements in hygiene and cultivation practice. Since 1991 stem lesions and top dying caused by Phytophthora cactorum has been a problem on birch. The ongoing climate change has already had effect on rusts and powdery mildews as well as other fungi infecting leaves. All diseases, which gain high precipitation and warm and long autumns. For same reasons winter stored seedlings need sprayings against grey mold. Fungal infections are also possible during short-day (SD) treatment, that is necessary for summer and autumn plantings and a beneficial step prior freezing temperatures outside or in freezer storage. Growers are encouraged to use cultural and integrated pest management techniques such as better nursery hygiene, including removing plant debris in nursery growing areas and hot water washing of containers plus removal of diseased, spore-producing seedlings and trees around the nursery.
url https://www.silvafennica.fi/article/147
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AT petaistoraijaliisa fungaldiseasesinforestnurseriesinfinland
AT rikalaristo fungaldiseasesinforestnurseriesinfinland
AT kurkelatimo fungaldiseasesinforestnurseriesinfinland
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