Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of Norway

The apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella (A. conjugella)) in Norway was first identified as a pest in apple production in 1899. We here report the first genetic analysis of A. conjugella using molecular markers. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to 95 individuals...

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Main Authors: Abdelhameed Elameen, Hans Geir Eiken, Geir K. Knudsen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2016-04-01
Series:Diversity
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/8/2/10
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spelling doaj-7493a5a1401844dca2fc1a9269f207f22020-11-24T23:24:08ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182016-04-01821010.3390/d8020010d8020010Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of NorwayAbdelhameed Elameen0Hans Geir Eiken1Geir K. Knudsen2NIBIO—Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Hogskoleveien 7, N-1432 Aas, NorwayNIBIO—Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Hogskoleveien 7, N-1432 Aas, NorwayNIBIO—Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Hogskoleveien 7, N-1432 Aas, NorwayThe apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella (A. conjugella)) in Norway was first identified as a pest in apple production in 1899. We here report the first genetic analysis of A. conjugella using molecular markers. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to 95 individuals from six different locations in the two most important apple-growing regions of Norway. Five AFLP primer combinations gave 410 clear polymorphic bands that distinguished all the individuals. Further genetic analysis using the Dice coefficient, Principal Coordinate analysis (PCO) and Bayesian analyses suggested clustering of the individuals into two main groups showing substantial genetic distance. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed greater variation among populations (77.94%) than within populations (22.06%) and significant and high FST values were determined between the two major regions (Distance = 230 km, FST = 0.780). AFLP analysis revealed low to moderate genetic diversity in our population sample from Norway (Average: 0.31 expected heterozygosity). The positive significant correlation between the geographic and the molecular data (r2 = 0.6700) indicate that genetic differences between the two major regions may be due to geographical barriers such as high mountain plateaus (Hardangervidda) in addition to isolation by distance (IBD).http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/8/2/10AFLPArgyresthia conjugellagene flowgenetic differentiationisolation by distance (IBD)Lepidoptera
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Abdelhameed Elameen
Hans Geir Eiken
Geir K. Knudsen
spellingShingle Abdelhameed Elameen
Hans Geir Eiken
Geir K. Knudsen
Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of Norway
Diversity
AFLP
Argyresthia conjugella
gene flow
genetic differentiation
isolation by distance (IBD)
Lepidoptera
author_facet Abdelhameed Elameen
Hans Geir Eiken
Geir K. Knudsen
author_sort Abdelhameed Elameen
title Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of Norway
title_short Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of Norway
title_full Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of Norway
title_fullStr Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of Norway
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Diversity in Apple Fruit Moth Indicate Different Clusters in the Two Most Important Apple Growing Regions of Norway
title_sort genetic diversity in apple fruit moth indicate different clusters in the two most important apple growing regions of norway
publisher MDPI AG
series Diversity
issn 1424-2818
publishDate 2016-04-01
description The apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella (A. conjugella)) in Norway was first identified as a pest in apple production in 1899. We here report the first genetic analysis of A. conjugella using molecular markers. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to 95 individuals from six different locations in the two most important apple-growing regions of Norway. Five AFLP primer combinations gave 410 clear polymorphic bands that distinguished all the individuals. Further genetic analysis using the Dice coefficient, Principal Coordinate analysis (PCO) and Bayesian analyses suggested clustering of the individuals into two main groups showing substantial genetic distance. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed greater variation among populations (77.94%) than within populations (22.06%) and significant and high FST values were determined between the two major regions (Distance = 230 km, FST = 0.780). AFLP analysis revealed low to moderate genetic diversity in our population sample from Norway (Average: 0.31 expected heterozygosity). The positive significant correlation between the geographic and the molecular data (r2 = 0.6700) indicate that genetic differences between the two major regions may be due to geographical barriers such as high mountain plateaus (Hardangervidda) in addition to isolation by distance (IBD).
topic AFLP
Argyresthia conjugella
gene flow
genetic differentiation
isolation by distance (IBD)
Lepidoptera
url http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/8/2/10
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