Effect of strabismus surgery on torticollis caused by congenital superior oblique palsy in young children

• Main Authors: Ramesh Kekunnaya, Sherwin J Isenberg
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2014-01-01
• Series: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
• Subjects: Clinical profile; Indian population; optic neuritis treatment trial; optic neuritis; Decompression of the orbit; diplopia; orbit; thyroid exophthalmos; thyroid ophthalmopathy; Limbus incision; subconjunctival incision; sutureless manual small-incision cataract surgery; wound construction; Central retinal vein occlusion; intravitrealbevacizumab; intravitrealtriamcinolone acetonide; macular edema; Contrast sensitivity; fixation; microperimeter; normative data; retinal sensitivity; Optical coherence tomography; optic disc pit; retinal detachment; retinoschisis; Homocysteine; retinal vein occlusion; visual impairment; Diabetic macular edema; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1; vascular endothelial growth factor; Compressive optic neuropathy; humphrey visual field; ischemic optic neuropathy; multifocal visual evoked potential; Age; body mass index; gender; high density lipoprotein; intraocular pressure; lipid profiles; total cholesterol; triglyceride; Capsular tension ring; cataract; intraocular lens; myopia; phacoemulsification; posterior capsular opacification; Ethnicity; Indian; macular thickness; normative; retinal nerve fiber layer; Ocular torticollis; superior oblique palsy; surgery
• Online Access: http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2014;volume=62;issue=3;spage=322;epage=326;aulast=Kekunnaya

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of strabismus surgery for congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) in relation to correction of head tilt and hypertropia. The cohort of patients mainly involved very young children. This is the first study to use a standardized instrument to objectively measure torticollis before and after surgery. Materials and Methods: A non-comparative interventional case series of 13 cases of congenital superior oblique palsy with head tilt, who underwent simultaneous superior oblique tuck and inferior oblique recession between Jan 2000 and Dec 2008, were studied. Results: The mean duration of SOP until surgery was 36.8 months. Of the 12 unilateral cases, 8 were right-sided. Mean follow-up period was 17 months (range 7-36). The outcome was determined at the last follow-up. Mean pre-and post-operative hypertropia (p.d.) in forced primary position was 19 ± 7 and 2 ± 6, respectively ( P < 0.0001). The head tilt reduced from mean of 17 ± 9 to 2 ± 2 degrees ( P < 0.0001). Success, defined as hypertropia <5 PD and head tilt less than 5 degrees, was achieved in 69% (9/13. C.I. 42-88%) and 85% (11/13. C.I. 56-96%), respectively. The success rate for achieving both criteria was 61.5% (C.I. 35-88%). Five patients required additional surgery; usually a contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession, which was successful in all cases. One case developed asymptomatic Brown syndrome (7.69% - C.I. 6.7-22.2). Conclusions: Simultaneous superior oblique tuck and inferior oblique muscle recession can successfully treat selected cases of congenital superior oblique palsy. About one-third required an additional procedure, which led to total normalization of the head position.