How feasible is it to abandon statistical significance? A reflection based on a short survey

• Main Authors: Fredi Alexander Diaz-Quijano, Fernando Morelli Calixto, José Mário Nunes da Silva
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2020-06-01
• Series: BMC Medical Research Methodology
• Subjects: p values; Null-hypothesis; Statistical inference; Statistical significance
• Online Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12874-020-01030-x

Abstract Background There is a growing trend in using the “statistically significant” term in the scientific literature. However, harsh criticism of this concept motivated the recommendation to withdraw its use of scientific publications. We aimed to validate the support and the feasibility of adherence to this recommendation, among researchers having declared in favor of removing the statistical significance. Methods We surveyed signatories of an article published that defended this recommendation, to validate their opinion and ask them about how likely they will retire the concept of statistical significance. Results We obtained 151 responses which confirmed the support for the mentioned publication in aspects such as the adequate interpretation of the p-value, the degree of agreement, and the motivations to sign it. However, there was a wide distribution of answers about how likely are they to use the concept of “statistical significance” in future publications. About 42% declared being neutral, or that would likely use it again. We described arguments referred by several signatories and discussed aspects to be considered in the interpretation of research results. Conclusions The responses obtained from a proportion of signatories validated their declared position against the use of statistical significance. However, even in this group, the full application of this recommendation does not seem feasible. The arguments related to the inappropriate use of statistical tests should promote more education among researchers and users of scientific evidence.