Manipulation of Host Cell Organelles by Intracellular Pathogens

• Main Authors: Malte Kellermann, Felix Scharte, Michael Hensel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: intracellular bacteria; intracellular parasites; viruses; intracellular lifestyle; vesicular transport; pathogen nutrition
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6484

Pathogenic intracellular bacteria, parasites and viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate mammalian host cells to serve as niches for persistence and proliferation. The intracellular lifestyles of pathogens involve the manipulation of membrane-bound organellar compartments of host cells. In this review, we described how normal structural organization and cellular functions of endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, or lipid droplets are targeted by microbial virulence mechanisms. We focus on the specific interactions of <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>, <i>Rickettsia rickettsii</i>, <i>Chlamydia</i> spp. and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> representing intracellular bacterial pathogens, and of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> representing intracellular parasites. The replication strategies of various viruses, i.e., Influenza A virus, Poliovirus, Brome mosaic virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Hepatitis C virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS), Dengue virus, Zika virus, and others are presented with focus on the specific manipulation of the organelle compartments. We compare the specific features of intracellular lifestyle and replication cycles, and highlight the communalities in mechanisms of manipulation deployed.