Factors Associated With Walking in Older Medical Inpatients

• Main Authors: Ruth McCullagh, PhD, Dahly Darren, PhD, N. Frances Horgan, PhD, Suzanne Timmons, MD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2020-03-01
• Series: Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259010952030001X

Objective: To identify patient characteristics on admission and daily events during hospitalization that could influence older medical inpatients walking activity during hospitalization. Design: A cohort study. Setting: Acute hospitalized care. Participants: Premorbidly mobile, nonsurgical, nonelective inpatients (50% women) aged ≥65 years (N=154), with an anticipated ≥3-day inpatient stay were recruited consecutively within 48 hours of hospital admission. Of the 227 patients screened, 69 did not meet study criteria and 4 refused. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Age, comorbidities (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale), cognitive status (6-item Cognitive Impairment Test), falls history and efficacy (Falls Efficacy Scale-International), physical performance (short physical performance battery), and medications were recorded within 2 days of admission. Walking activity (step count) was recorded for 7 days or until discharge. Daily events (procedures, falls, fear of falling, ordered bedrest, devices or treatments that hindered walking [eg, intravenous fluids, wall-mounted oxygen therapy], patient- and nurse-reported medial status, fatigue, sleep quality, physiotherapy, or occupational therapy intervention) were measured on concurrent weekdays. Their associations with daily (log) step count were estimated using linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for patient-characteristics measured at admission. Results: Approximately half of the variability in step count was described at the within-patient level. Multivariable models suggested positive associations with Wednesdays (+25% in step count; 95% confidence interval, 4-53), admission physical performance (+15%, 8-22), improving medical status (+33%, 7-64), negative associations with devices or treatments that hinder walking (−29%, −9 to −44), and instructed bedrest (−69%, −55 to −79). Conclusion: Day-to-day step count fluctuated, suggesting considerable scope for intervention. Devices or treatments that hinder walking should be reviewed daily and walking activity should become a clinical priority. Admission physical performance may identify vulnerable patients. Keywords: Accelerometry, Aged, Hospitalization, Mobility limitation, Rehabilitation, Walking